Crisia LIII, 2023, Supliment nr. 1
Interferențe. Trecut, prezent, viitor. Lucrările Sesiunii internaționale de comunicări științifice a Muzeului Țării Crișurilor Oradea - Complex muzeal, 12-13 octombrie 2023

STUDII ȘI ARTICOLE / STUDIES AND ARTICLES

1. Gruia FAZECAȘ, Florin GOGÂLTAN, KÁTOCZ Zoltán

CERCETĂRILE ARHEOLOGICE DIN TELL-UL EPOCII BRONZULUI DE LA SÂNTION – MOVILA MĂNĂSTIRI
(2014-2022)

BRONZE AGE TELL SETTLEMENT FROM SÂNTION / BIHARSZENTJÁNOS – MOVILA MĂNĂSTIRII / KOLOSTORDOMB (2014-2022)

The site has been known since 1871 from an archaeological perspective, thanks to the information provided by F. Rómer, the father of Hungarian archaeology. The first excavations, made by A.D. Alexandrescu and M. Rusu in 1954, established the significance of this settlement for reconstructing the realities of the Bronze Age in the Crișurilor Basin. The language used is clear, concise, and objective, with a formal register and precise word choice. The text adheres to conventional structure and formatting features, including consistent citation and footnote style. The grammar, spelling, and punctuation are correct, and the text is free from bias and subjective evaluations. No changes in content have been made. In a scientific research project conducted between 2014 and 2016, this multilayered dwelling was investigated using both classical and non-invasive methods. The aim of the research was to establish the chronological position of this site in relation to the nearest Bronze Age tell, located approximately 7 km away in a straight line, at Toboliu. Archaeological research resumed in 2022 as part of a systematic investigation into the dwelling from the middle period of the Bronze Age and the medieval monastery that overlaps it.

articol complet / full article

2. Doru MARTA, FECHETE PORSZTNER Kitti

UN POSIBIL PREDECESOR ŞI O FORTIFICAŢIE MEDIEVALĂ SIGURĂ: DONJONUL DE LA CHERESIG, JUDEŢUL BIHOR

A POSSIBLE PREDECESSOR AND A RELIABLE MEDIEVAL FORTIFICATION: THE DONJON OF CHERESIG, BIHOR COUNTY

The donjon of Cheresig, first documented in 1289, was built in the western plain, very close to the present-day Romanian-Hungarian border. Successively owned by royalty and nobility (Borșa, Losonczi and Csáky families), it was abandoned in the 17th century. An inventory from 1635 was already showing a clear decay. Apart from its relatively good preservation, the special position where it was built stands out: on a round mound of earth, a possible prehistoric mound or tell, unique in the whole area, which has been investigated by the archaeologists of Oradea. In this case we may be dealing with a possible predecessor, the tell or mound, over which the medieval keep was built.

articol complet / full article

3. Petr ELBEL, Peter MILO, Ctibor OSTRÝ, Michal VÁGNER, Petr VACHŮT

THE GEOPHYSICAL SURVEY OF THE TOMB OF SIGISMUND OF LUXEMBOURG IN ORADEA

This study deals with the results of a geophysical survey that was carried out in March 2022 on the site of a defunct church situated inside fortress courtyard in the city of Oradea. The work was initiated by the activity of an interdisciplinary team composed of experts from the Brno City Museum, the Department of Archaeology and Museology of the Faculty of Arts of Masaryk University and the Department of Auxiliary Historical Sciences and Archival Studies of the same university. This study summarises the existing knowledge about the location of the grave of the Czech and Hungarian king and Roman emperor Sigismund of Luxembourg, buried in the former church in 1437. The study presents the results of geophysical survey and explains why this method was not successful enough in the fortress area. At the same time, it proposes further directions of research on how to proceed in locating the tomb of Emperor Sigismund in the future.

articol complet / full article

4. Máté FÜLÖP

NEW TOPOGRAPHICAL DATA ON A DESERTED MEDIEVAL VILLAGE OF THE GYULA DOMAIN

As a result of recent preventive archaeological excavations on the Sándor-hegy archaeological site, near the town of Gyula, the topography of the deserted medieval village of Szélhalom could be revised. The newly discovered features, representing the periphery of the former village, have led us to believe that the core of the settlement is to be more likely found on the south-eastern–eastern side of the nearby Holy Cross Chapel’s mound. Concerning the eastern boundary of the once was village, the results of a previously unpublished preventive research have proved that it did not stretch further than the high bank of a disappeared stream. The northern and southern edge of the settlement’s core could not be determined; however it was clear that the outline of the village proper had a north–south elongated shape. In the present paper I also hypothesise that the relatively odd positioning of Szélhalom in relation with the east–west trajectory of the medieval Gyula–Kígyós road could be the consequence of the presence of another north-westward oriented minor road attested by the first military survey.

articol complet / full article

5. Dumitru NOANE

ORADEA – UN ORAȘ EUROPEAN ÎNCĂ DE LA ÎNTEMEIEREA SA

ORADEA – A EUROPEAN CITY SINCE ITS FOUNDATION

This year, Oradea celebrates 910 years since its first documentary attestation, thus being one of the oldest cities in Romania, except for those attested from the Greek – Tomis/Constanța, Callatis/Mangalia-, or Roman – Apulum/Alba Iulia, Drobeta/Turnu Severin, Napoca/ Cluj –, but in their case we have no certain evidence of a continuous urban settlement until today. The tradition of the founding of the city is linked to the relocation of the Roman-Catholic bishopric from Biharea to Oradea by King Ladislau I in 1092. In 1113, King Coloman the Scribe abolished the institution of the Duchy of Bihor and the Diocese became the Diocese of Oradea, as Bishop Syxtus Waradiensis signed the diploma given by King Coloman to the Abbey of Zobor (Slovakia) as a witness. Thus, for the first time, the existence of Oradea (Varadinum) as an urban settlement is made known, the genesis of which is linked to the relocation of the bishopric here, a situation similar to that of many European cities – London, Paris, Lyon, Madrid, Munich, Frankfurt am Main, Pécs – founded around monastic or episcopal settlements. On June 27, 1192, by a bull issued by Pope Celestin III, King Ladislaus I, the founder of the city is sanctified as Saint
Ladislaus the Healer, an event that makes the city of Oradea an important place of pilgrimage, the phenomenon being amplified by the fact that since 1200, the therapeutic effects of the thermal waters of the present-day Felix and 1 Mai baths are known. The pilgrimage also contributed to the development of settlements in the Oradea area through the construction of more and more inns, craft workshops and blacksmith’s shops, later by organizing important fairs due to the significant presence of the sea and the fact that Oradea became the place of exchange for goods brought from the European West and the Islamic East.
The two pilgrimage itineraries to the Holy Land are known from the end of the 14th century (1380-1385), which passed through Oradea, a city considered in the following century as an important point on the route of the late anti-Ottoman crusades. In addition, on August 25, 1401, Pope Boniface IX granted a privilege to the cathedral of the citadel – which he elevated to the rank of major basilica, similar to the churches of San Marco in Venice and Santa Maria Portiuncula in Assisi – reconfirming and reinforcing the Catholic faithful’s permission to come here on pilgrimage. In 1422, the city was considered “the most important commercial hub between Hungary and Transylvania”, and Sigismund’s growth in Oradea was impressive. Moreover, the indulgences granted in 1434 by Pope Innocent IV at the request of King Sigismund of Luxembourg to visitors to the cathedral in the citadel of Oradea, which made it a place of pilgrimage in Europe, increasing its fame and income and contributed to the economic development of the fairs around the city.

articol complet / full article

6. Gizella NEMETH, Adriano PAPO

L’IMPERO E VENEZIA ALLA VIGILIA DELLA CAMPAGNA ANTIOTTOMANA DEL 1716-1717

THE EMPIRE AND VENICE ON THE EVE OF THE ANTI-OTTOMAN CAMPAIGN OF 1716-1717

The conclusion of the Spanish Succession War allowed the Empire to turn its interest to the events
concerning the southern borders of Hungary, where the Ottomans had once again become threatening after the period of non-belligerence sanctioned by the Peace of Carlowitz of 1699. Starting from the 13th century, Venice had created a vast maritime empire, taking territories from the Byzantine empire. After the fall of Constantinople (1453), the Republic entered in competition with the Ottomans for the dominion of the eastern Mediterranean, after they too had equipped themselves with a valid and aggressive naval fleet. The resumption of the war against the Ottomans was also a consequence of the endemic state of belligerence existing between Venice and the Ottoman Empire. The ever-increasing weakness of the “Serenissima” led the Porte to believe that it could easily take possession of its dominions in the Levant, including the Morea, which Venice had acquired from it with the peace of 1699. Therefore, on 8 December 1714 the Porte declared war on the Venetian Republic. Prince Eugene of Savoy bluntly expressed his skepticism regarding the military strength of the Serenissima. However, Vienna could not abandon Venice, which had established a treaty of alliance in 1684 with the emperor and the king of Poland. However, the attempts of the imperial ambassador Anselm Franz von Fleischmann to settle the dispute between Venice and Constantinople were useless. The Morea was occupied again by the Turks at the end of August 1715. The Empire then renewed its alliance with Venice. The orte sent an ultimatum to Vienna to respect the dictates of the Peace of Carlowitz and not to intervene in favor of Venice. The ultimatum was obviously rejected. The Porte therefore decided to send an army to Belgrade. Mobilization orders were also given to the Tatar khan, the pashas of Belgrade and Timișoara (Temesvár) and the voivodes of Moldavia and Wallachia. Vienna then began to prepare for war.

articol complet / full article

7. Cosmin PATCA, Mircea MATEI

ISTORIE LOCALĂ ȘI DEMOGRAFIE. MODIFICĂRI ETNICE ȘI CONFESIONALE ÎN AȘEZĂRILE COMUNEI VALCĂU DE JOS

LOCAL HISTORY AND DEMOGRAPHY. ETHNIC AND CONFESSIONAL CHANGES IN THE SETTLEMENTS OF VALCĂU DE JOS COMMUNE

Local history studies in the form of historical monographs are important for historical research. Starting from particular cases, of some rural or urban settlements, regional monographs can be made. The qualitative increase of the historical monographs of localities can be achieved by resorting to as many documentary sources as possible and to appropriate work techniques. The demographic analysis of Valcău de Jos commune tries to highlight the main ethnic and confessional changes produced in this area, analyzing the main documentary sources available, from the first documentary attestations to the contemporary era.

articol complet / full article

8. Sorin ȘIPOȘ

CREDINȚELE, OBICEIURILE ȘI TRADIȚIILE LA ROMÂNII DIN PRINCIPATE CONSEMNATE DE CĂLĂTORII STRĂINI (1710-1810)

THE BELIEFS, CUSTOMS AND TRADITIONS OF ROMANIANS FROM THE PRINCIPALITIES AS RECORDED BY FOREIGN TRAVELERS (1710-1810)

Several notable elements are revealed to us in the few accounts written by foreign travellers about Romanians. First of all, the accounts of Romanians’ beliefs and customs are among the most intriguing pieces of information conveyed by foreign travellers in their descriptions of Romanians. Understanding Romanian beliefs and customs is becoming increasingly interesting for foreign travellers. What are they like? What are their religious beliefs? How do they practice it? Are Romanians more religious than the compatriots of the travellers arriving in our space? All the features identified in Romanians are part of a mixed Western and Eastern heritage: origin, geographical position, language, and religious beliefs. Romanians are descendants of the Romans, but they have important Slavic components. They are Christians, but of the Byzantine rite, with specific characteristics not always understood by foreigners. Foreigners notice the manifestation of religious faith among ordinary Romanians: long and hard fasts, the sign of the cross, the kissing of icons, as well as practices in Christianity that resulted from the combination of pagan and Christian elements, such as the commemoration of the dead, the stones placed on the chest of the buried, etc. These come into contrast with the manifestations of faith in Western Christian churches. There, Christians know the prayers, whereas here they know them less. Churches in the West feature heated theological debates, whereas, in the Romanian space, these debates only concern the elite. In other words, most travellers associate practising the Christian faith with education, with a good knowledge of Christian teachings. But for ordinary Romanians, education was almost non-existent, giving rise to religious practices often misunderstood by foreigners. For ordinary Orthodox Romanians, however, the worship of icons, the sign of the cross and fasting were important and represented the highest form of religious expression. Indeed, Romanians did not know how to say the Lord’s Prayer in its entirety, they were not educated, and they did not respect Christian teachings, but their intense Christian devotion could not be doubted, as was typical of Orthodox Christianity. Similarly, Romanian customs are associated with major holidays and important moments in human life: birth, marriage and death. At the wedding, the religious ceremony is accompanied by the dances and music of the procession to the bride’s house. On the way, the wedding guests led by the starost danced continuously. The mourners were present at the funeral, along with the priests and musicians by the deathbed. The carol singers, călușarii, and the Drăgaica fair are also marginally described by travellers as exotic practices whose significance they misunderstand. We will have to wait until the end of the 19th century for specialists in ethnography, folklore and ethnology to reveal the importance and antiquity of these practices for Christian civilization. Another conclusion that emerges from the travel records is their importance as documentary sources for ethnologists, folklorists and historians of religion, describing the beliefs and customs present at that time in Romanians.

 articol complet / full article

9. Felicia Aneta OARCEA

DINASTII PREOȚEȘTI” NOBILIARE DE ALTĂDATĂ. CORNEA BARBU DE ILENI AND RAȚ DE TEIUȘ

NOBLE “PRIESTLY DYNASTIES” FROM THE PAST. CORNEA BARBU DE ILENI ȘI RAȚ DE TEIUȘ

The labyrinth of history allows researchers and historians alike to open pages of documents whose authors have written about the past lives of noble “priestly dynasties” from the Arad region. Among these, we mention Cornea Barbu de Ileni and Raț de Teiuș, who have given to the area highly faces of the church or distinguished intellectuals. Ennobled by Transylvanian princes or by the House of Habsburg, they distinguished themselves through their deeds of courage. From the Cornești lineage emerged the politician and one of the architects of the Great Union, Vasile Goldiș, and the academic Sorin Mitu. Likewise, from the Raț de Teiuș family, we remember Bishop Gherasim Raț, Archpriest Ioan Raț, Hermina Raț, married to Popovici-Desseanu, or Octavia, married to the scholar Gheorghe Ciuhandu. From generation to generation, they preserved their Romanian identity, which they passed on to their descendants through the power of example.

articol complet / full article

10. Marta CORDEA

EPISCOPUL GRIGORE MAIOR (1715-1785), UN PREDECESOR AL BIBLIOTECARILOR ROMÂNI

BISHOP GRIGORE MAIOR, PREDECESSOR OF THE ROMANIAN LIBRARIANS
 
Our communication aims to highlight the librarian activity of the Greek-Catholic bishop, Grigore Maior (1715, Sărăuad, Solnocul de Mijloc county, today Satu Mare county – 1785, Alba Iulia). We are talking about the entry of books into the public circuit, through the library, precisely with the opening of the schools in Blaj, an event that took place in 1754. As for Grigore Maior’s activity as a librarian, we know that, at the opening of the schools in Blaj, he was entrusted with and the library, founded at the Holy Trinity monastery. Three monks-teachers, Silvestru Caliani, Grigore Maior and Gherontie Cotore, added books from their collection to the library’s endowment. Grigore Maior’s love of books is also illustrated by the fact that during his episcopate, several cult books were printed in Blaj.
 
 
 
11. Liviu BORDAȘ

NICOLA NICOLAU ȘI OPERA LUI GEOGRAFICĂ

NICOLA NICOLAU AND HIS GEOGRAPHICAL WORK

This is the second in a series of three articles on Nicola Nicolau (1762-1837), a Romanian merchant and scholar from the Transylvanian town of Brașov (Kronstadt, in the Habsburg Empire). While the first article dealt with his life and work, this is an attempt to discuss all the available data about the book of world geography, which he compiled and published in 1814-1815. Among the various contributions to this topic, brought here, two are opening new research avenues. One is a preliminary chronological map of the circulation and reception of the book during the 19th century, based on all the available information. The other regards the identification of its sources. Géographie universelle of Claude Buffier (1661-1737) – translated by bishop Amphilochius of Hotin (1795) – was the only one known so far, along with some chapters from Le Plutarque de la jeunesse of Pierre Blanchard (1772-1856), published by Nicolau himself (1819). To them he added various chapters extracted from travelogues, geographical and historical works authored by George Leonard Staunton (1737-1801), Guillaume Antoine Olivier (1756-1814), Theophil Friedrich Ehrmann (1762-1811), and Johann Matthias Schröckh (1733-1808). There is also a short story with a historical theme (Hernán Cortés and La Malinche) by Louis d’Ussieux (1744-1805) and miscellaneous texts of natural history – botany, zoology, mineralogy – from popular works (one of which is the almanac Vaterländischer Pilger). The third and last article of the series will discuss in detail the image of India as reflected in Nicolau’s work.

12. Viorel CÂMPEAN

PREOTUL GRECO-CATOLIC IGNAȚIU SZABO (1834-1878), FAMILIA ȘI PREOCUPĂRILE SALE

GREEK-CATHOLIC PRIEST IGNAȚIU SZABO (1834-1878), HIS FAMILY AND CONCERNS

Our article aimed to present the personality of the Greek-Catholic Archpriest Ignațiu Szabo (1834-1878) but also some of his family members. Graduated in theology in Vienna, he was first a teacher at the High School in Beiuș, and after that he was a priest in several parishes in Bihor and Sătmar Counties. He also collaborated on the Romanian newspapers of those years. He was one of the leading members of the struggle for the national and cultural emancipation of the Romanians from Sătmar.

articol complet / full article

13. Cristian APATI

BISERICI, PREOȚI ȘI CREDINCIOȘI ORTODOCȘI ÎN BIHOR ÎN 1860. CERCUL TINCA

ORTHODOX CHURCHES, PRIESTS AND BELIEVERS IN BIHOR IN 1860. TINCA ADMINISTRATIVE CIRCLE

The documentary fund created by the Orthodox Church in Bihor includes a large number of historiographically unused documents until now. I found in this fund a series of parish registers elaborated, according to an imposed pattern, in the year 1860. Among the recorded information we find the following categories: the number of houses, the number of believers, the number and condition of churches, parish houses, income, the number of priests, their names, the position held, the schools completed, the languages known, assessments of the morality of the clergy. The present communication aims to highlight this archival material, to reduce the white pages of the history of the Bihor Orthodox Church.

articol complet / full article

14. Natalia MOROI

DE LA IMPERIUL RUS LA IMPERIUL SOVIETIC: EVOLUȚIA CONCEPTULUI MOLDOVENISMULUI ÎN CERCETĂRILE ETNONAȚIONALE

FROM THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE TO THE SOVIET EMPIRE: THE EVOLUTION OF THE CONCEPT OF MOLDOVANISM IN ETHNONATIONAL RESEARCH

Imperial Russian officials used only the term Moldavians and “Moldovan language”, scholars and political leaders trained in the Russian Empire used the term Moldavians and “Moldovan language” and Romanians and the Romanian language as interchangeable terms, even after the October 1917 coup d’état. But the “new” Soviet historiography, on which C. Derjavin’s article is based, manifests from the very beginning total hatred towards the term Romanian and the phrase Romanian language. In the first decade after the revolution of February 1917, the research of ethno-national problems proceeded based on the plans developed still in the Russian Empire, during the first world war. The only specialist who dealt with this problem was L. Berg, others, in fact, did not even exist at that time. The continuation of the Bolsheviks’ promotion of imperial traditions, a policy that was openly manifested regarding Bessarabia, led to the direct involvement of the party and Soviet organs in the issue of determining the ethno-national affiliation and the language spoken by the Romanians in Bessarabia. Although some of the cominternist Soviet political leaders, promoters of the expansion of the “proletarian revolution” stated very clearly that the native inhabitants of Bessarabia and to the left of the Dniester are Romanians and the language they speak is Romanian, this correct position of theirs contradicted the policy national of imperial origin promoted by the USSR. In such a situation, seeking to legitimize the buffer republic created on the left bank of the Dniester – Moldavian SSR, but also the claims on Bessarabia, some authors, non-specialists in the field in which they spoke, but especially the local political leaders, the so-called “autochthonists”, emerging only for political reasons, they reinstated the proletarian theory according to which the Moldavians are a people related to the Romanians, but still different, and the language they speak is the „Moldovan language”, a language spoken by the people, different from the Romanian language.

articol complet / full article

15. Ion EREMIA

ISTORIA CATEDREI DE LIMBĂ ROMÂNĂ DE LA UNIVERSITATEA DIN SANKT-PETERSBURG (1839-1858)

HISTORY OF THE DEPARTMENT OF ROMANIAN LANGUAGE AT THE UNIVERSITY OF SAINT PETERSBURG (1839-1858)

After the annexation of Bessarabia to the Russian Empire and the intensification of expansionist tendencies, at least up to the Danube, the tsarism needed specialists who knew the Romanian language. Taking this need into account, in 1839 the Wallachian-Moldovan Language Department was opened at the University of Petersburg. The aim was that among the students who will learn the respective language better, after graduating from the university, two or three people will be chosen to work in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the others will be able to work in the Bessarabia region, where there is an acute lack of civil servants, who knows the local language. The Romanian language course was taught by Iacob Ghinculov, originally from a Romanian family, from the town of Ovidiopol (Tiraspol County, Kherson governorate). In 1858, this department was considered to have fulfilled its objectives and was closed.

articol complet / full article

16. Constantin Tufan STAN

EMANUIL GOJDU – PROIECTUL PENTRU FONDAREA UNUI GIMNAZIU ÎN LIMBA ROMÂNĂ LA LUGOJ
ȘI DILIGENȚELE PENTRU ACCEPTAREA LIMBII ROMÂNE CA LIMBĂ OFICIALĂ COMITATENSĂ

EMANUIL GOJDU – THE PROJECT FOR THE FOUNDATION OF A ROMANIAN LANGUAGE HIGH SCHOOL IN LUGOJ AND THE DILIGENCE FOR THE ACCEPTANCE OF THE ROMANIAN LANGUAGE AS THE OFFICIAL LANGUAGE OF THE COUNTY

The study is the subject of Emanuil Gojdu’s episodic supreme committee activity, in 1861, in Lugoj, the seat of Caraș county, with the inauguration of the so-called liberal era, after the incorporation of the Serbian Voivodeship and the Timișean Banat into the Kingdom of Hungary. The efforts regarding the implementation of a reform in the County administration (stating the Romanian language as the official language) and the intention to found a grammar school in the Romanian language, even if they were not successful, generated intense debates with identity connotations, with long-term beneficial effects, in a county where the Romanians represented the majority.

articol complet / full article

17. Ioan CIORBA

A TREIA VIZITĂ A LUI FRANCISC IOSIF I ÎN ORADEA ȘI BIHOR (SEPTEMBRIE 1890)

THE THIRD VISIT OF FRANCIS JOSEPH I TO ORADEA AND BIHOR (SEPTEMBER 1890)

In the fall of 1890 Franz Joseph I made his third visit to Bihor, arriving by train in Oradea. From here he will go to Săcueni where he will witness extensive military exercises involving the participation of several thousand soldiers.
The arrival of the emperor in the Bihor lands attracted here for a few days many officials, military attachés, representatives of various confessions from Transylvania, etc. Among the guests was the Minister of War of Romania, General Matei Vlădescu.
A whole series of articles from the press of the time show the great interest that this new (and last) visit will generate among the population. The articles contain information about the emperor’s schedule, the composition of the delegations that welcomed him, the preparations made for his reception and hosting etc.

articol complet / full article

18. Silviu SANA

ASPECTE PRIVIND APARIȚIA REVISTEI VULTURUL DIN ORADEA (1892). SCURTĂ DESCRIERE A PRIMULUI NUMĂR AL REVISTEI

ASPECTS REGARDING THE APPEARANCE OF THE MAGAZINE THE EAGLE [VULTURUL] FROM ORADEA (1892). BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIRST ISSUE OF THE JOURNAL

The present study explains the general framework of the appearance of the Romanian humorous magazine The Eagle in Oradea in 1892, and makes a brief description of the Romanian satire and humor periodicals of the nineteenth century. At the same time, details are provided regarding the beginnings of this magazine in Oradea, which are related to the political situation of the Romanians in Hungary and Transylvania, the year 1892 being that in which the memorandum of the Romanians in Transylvania to the emperor in Vienna was submitted. The study continues with the description of the symbols used in the image of the first issue of the magazine, along with the explanation of Iustin Ardelean’s „foreword” where he set the objectives of the magazine.

articol complet / full article

19. Marius CÂMPEANU

PARTICIPAREA ROMÂNILOR DIN COMUNA ȘIȘEȘTI ÎN PRIMUL RĂZBOI MONDIAL, REFLECTATĂ ÎN RAPOARTELE ASTREI

THE PARTICIPATION OF THE ROMANIANS FROM ȘIȘEȘTI COMMUNE IN THE FIRST WORLD WAR, REFLECTED IN ASTRA’S REPORTS

This year marks 110 since the outbreak of the First World War. The contribution of the Romanians from Transylvania, Banat, Crișana, Sătmar, Maramureș and Bucovina to the Great War, both for the Romanian historiography and for my personal concerns, represents a major research topic, far for being completed. This study presents the results of the investigation carried out by ASTRA, between January and February 1922, in Bontăieni, Cetățele, Dănești, Negreia, Plopiș, Șișești and Șurdești, localities that form the Șișești commune in Maramureș county. The material also contains some medallions of lower-ranking officers (lieutenants and sublieutenants), born in the villages of the Șișești commune, who served in the Austro-Hungarian army during the four years of the war, as far as the archival sources and the available bibliographies allowed us.

articol complet / full article

20. Dumitru TOMONI

PRIMA ADUNARE A ASTREI ÎN BANAT DUPĂ MAREA UNIRE. 100 ANI DE LA ADUNAREA GENERALĂ DE LA TIMIŞOARA (1923)

THE FIRST MEETING OF ASTRA IN BANAT AFTER THE GREAT UNION. ONE HUNDREDTH ANNIVERSARY OF THE GENERAL MEETING IN TIMIŞOARA (1923)

The best-known Romanian cultural association in the territories under foreign rule was the Transylvanian Association for Romanian Literature and the Culture of the Romanian People („Astra”), founded in 1861 in Sibiu. It was led by a General Assembly, which established the program, directions of action and elected the permanent leadership. In Banat, “Astra” held seven general meetings, the one in 1923 being the first meeting of Astra in Banat after the Great Union. The General Assembly in Timișoara, through the large number of participants – representatives of 43 divisions, an absolute record after the Great Union, and cultural and political personalities of reference -, through the election of a president who managed to adapt the program to the new socio-political conditions and through the decisions taken, marked the beginning of a new stage in the evolution of „Astra”.

articol complet / full article

21. Marin POP

ACTIVITATEA POLITICĂ A GENERALULUI TRAIAN MOȘOIU ÎN JUDEȚUL SĂLAJ

THE POLITICAL ACTIVITY OF GENERAL TRAIAN MOŞOIU IN SĂLAJ COUNTY

The present study aims to analyze the political activity carried out by General Traian Moșoiu in Sălaj County, in the first decade of the interwar period.
General Traian Moșoiu’s first connections with Sălaj County date back to the end of the First World War, when he led and participated in the battles for the county’s liberation from Szekler Bolshevik troops. General Traian Moșoiu left his mark on the liberal movement in Sălaj county, just like in Bihor County. Also benefiting from the aura of the liberator of Sălaj County, he managed, together with Dr. Emil Lobonțiu, to establish the organization of the National Liberal Party in Sălaj, in the spring of 1922. Following the parliamentary elections of March 1922, he also obtained the parliamentary mandate in Sălaj, but he opted for the one from Bihor. Until 1929, when he stopped getting involved in the political life of Sălaj, probably also because of his health, he carried out a prodigious political activity, constituting the flag bearer of the liberal movement in Sălaj County, known as the electoral fiefdom of the Romanian National Party, being the place birthday of the president of the party, Iuliu Maniu.

articol complet / full article

22. Mihai D. DRECIN

COMPOZITORUL TIBERIU BREDICEANU – FUNCȚIONAR BANCAR (1903-1935)

COMPOSER TIBERIU BREDICEANU – BANK CLERK (1903-1935)

Tiberiu Brediceanu is known as a Romanian composer, folklorist and conductor from the 1890-1960 generation. Descended from a family of Oltenia noblemen, close to the process of modernization of Habsburg Oltenia (1718-1739), when the Austrians withdrew from Oltenia, they were relocated to Banat. He started his musical studies at the age of seven in his family, continued with a teacher in Lugoj, Kosice (Slovakia), Blaj, Sibiu and Brașov. Following the family tradition, he graduated from the Faculty of Law, concluding with a doctorate in 1902. Less well known is the fact that between 1902-1935 he worked as a senior official at the “Albina” Bank in Sibiu. First as secretary of the Central Office (1903-1913), then as director of the Branch in Brașov (1913-1935). He stands out as a modernizer of banking activities, introducing the first typewriter and the first accounting calculators into the activity of the “Albina” Bank (1904). In our opinion, the salaries obtained as a bank clerk constituted the material resource that allowed him to dedicate himself to the activity in the musical sphere. As a bank clerk, he stands out in the attempt, unfortunately unsuccessful, to establish an albinist branch in the USA (1911-1912). Permeated by national feelings, still cultivated in the family, he will perform cultural and financial tasks within the Governing Council (1919-1920). After making an important cultural contribution to the achievement of the political unity of all Romanians, he continued the path of consolidating Greater Romania after 1919.

articol complet / full article

23. Claudiu PORUMBĂCEAN

DR. ȘTEFAN ANDERCO (1906-1989) ÎN ARHIVELE C.N.S.A.S.

DR. STEFAN ANDERCO (1906-1989) IN THE ARCHIVES OF THE NATIONAL COUNCIL FOR THE STUDY OF SECURITATE ARCHIVES

A prestigious lawyer and politician, Stefan Anderco is part of a succession of personalities of the interwar Sathmar, whose name is related to the modernization and development of the municipality and county of Satu Mare.
General Secretary of the National Peasants’ Party, the organization of Satu Mare County, Stefan Anderco was appointed prefect of Satu Mare County at the end of 1944, in a very difficult period for Sathmar, being the last N.P.P. leader who had such a position in this county. He performed this function until November 1, 1945, when (due to the dissatisfaction and the machinations directed by Romanian Communist Party) he will be replaced.
In 1945, Stefan Anderco was elected president of the UNIO Satu Mare.
Stefan Anderco was deeply involved in the election process from November 1946. For his work and his anticommunist attitude, in the period August 15, 1952 – June 19, 1954 he was arrested and interned in labour camps of the Ministry of Internal Affairs (Caransebes Penitentiary) without being tried or convicted. He died on May 9, 1989 in Satu Mare.

articol complet / full article

24. Sanda Dumitrița BUBOI

DOCUMENTE INEDITE DIN ARHIVELE SECURITĂȚII, CU PRIVIRE LA PRIMELE STRUCTURI ALE PARTIDULUI NAȚIONAL LIBERAL ÎN JUDEȚUL BIHOR (1920 – 1921)

UNPUBLISHED DOCUMENTS FROM THE SECURITY ARCHIVES, REGARDING THE FIRST STRUCTURES OF THE NATIONAL LIBERAL PARTY IN BIHOR COUNTY (1920 – 1921)

In this article I have reconstructed, based on the documents from the files in the C.N.S.A.S. archive, the initial moments of the establishment and organization of the National-Liberal Party in Bihor County. Through two meetings that were held in the house of lawyer Dr. Nicolae Zigre from Oradea at the end of 1920, the foundations were laid for a provisional libeal committee in Bihor that worked based on the instructions received from the leadership of the N.L.P. from Bucharest and was organized from the beginning of 1921. The organizing committee of the Bihor County branch of the N.L.P. which was formed in February 1921 will designate from its ranks the special delegation with the aim of appointing, where it was not possible on its own initiative, the designation of net committees at the level of Bihor County. A major role in the foundation and expansion action of the N.L.P. at county level was to return to the press, the only rapid means of propaganda of the time. For this purpose, the first liberal periodical called Viitorul Bihorului was established, a propaganda organ of the National-Liberal Party in the county.

articol complet / full article

25. Alice-Elena SCHREINER

SCURTĂ INCURSIUNE ÎN ISTORIA PARTICIPĂRII ROMÂNIEI LA BIENALA DE ARTĂ DE LA VENEȚIA, 1924-2012

A SHORT INSIGHT INTO THE HISTORY OF ROMANIA’S PARTICIPATION IN THE VENICE ART BIENNALE, 1924-2012

Romania has participated in the Venice Art Biennale since the beginning of the last century. It quickly understood that this event plays a major role on the international cultural scene and tried to maintain a constant participation by building its own pavilion and by improving, over time, the selection process, from commissioner and curator to the artistic project. The present study covers the period between 1924 and 2012 and points out some important moments in the history of Romania’s participation in the Venice Art Biennale, highlighting the first participation, the construction of the Romanian Pavilion, but also details of how Romania presented itself at the Biennale during the communist period and in the first two decades after the Romanian revolution.

articol complet / full article

26. Cristina Liana PUȘCAȘ

DE LA PRIZONIERATUL ÎN RUSIA, ÎN ÎNCHISORILE GULAGULUI ROMÂNESC. LUNGUL DRUM SPRE LIBERTATE AL PROFESORULUI ȘI PICTORULUI NICULIȚĂ PAPP DIN BEIUȘ

FROM IMPRISONMENT IN RUSSIA, IN THE PRISONS OF THE ROMANIAN GULAG. THE LONG ROAD TO FREEDOM OF THE TEACHER AND PAINTER NICULIȚĂ PAPP FROM BEIUȘ

The fate of the teacher and painter Niculiță Papp from Beiuș is impressive due to the drama he experienced as a young officer in the Romanian Army, taken prisoner on August 24, 1944, by the Soviet Army, imprisoned in the Oranki (Mănăstârka) camp, released at the end of 1946, as two years later to be arrested and thrown into the prisons of the Romanian Gulag. Niculita Papp was released after 16 years, on May 6, 1964. After his release, he settled in Beiuș, without being allowed to engage in education. He worked until his retirement as a carpentry worker, Niculiță Papp appearing in the Security verification files under the code name „CARPENTER”.

articol complet / full article

27. Diana IANCU

FEMEILE EVREICE ÎN TIMPUL HOLOCAUSTULUI. MĂRTURII ALE UNOR SUPRAVIEȚUITOARE DIN ORADEA ȘI BIHOR

JEWISH WOMEN DURING THE HOLOCAUST. TESTIMONY OF SOME SURVIVORS FROM ORADEA AND BIHOR

In this paper we present the Jewish women’s story of surviving the Holocaust. Téreza Mózes, Magdolna Hercz, Vera Hecht, Magda Simon, Magdalena Grunfeld Delman, Lea Chayen – these are the women we write about. They were deported from Oradea, a city with a numerous Jewish population, which contributed to the modernization of the town. In the Nazy lagers women faced physical violence, sexual assault, medical experiments, the hard work, the humiliation and dehumanization.

articol complet / full article

28. Ana-Maria BORZ

DECLARAȚIILE LUI IULIU MANIU FĂCUTE ZIARULUI NEW YORK TIMES 1945-1946

IULIU MANIU’S STATEMENTS TO THE NEW YORK TIMES 1945-1946

Iuliu Maniu was a lawyer, three times prime minister of Romania, was a parliamentarian in the Parliament of Budapest and Bucharest, president of the National Peasant Party. He had a political activity spanning 56 years in which he was upright and dignified, giving his life to the service of the nation out of conviction with patience and perseverance whitout a material self-interest. He fought against the Soviet occupation and the totalitarian regime imposed by it. The 1946 elections were the first to be held after the end of the Second World War and were won by the Natonal Peasant Party, but the Romanian Communist Party falsified the results of the elections. Iuliu Maniu, president of the National Peasant Party, made statements to foreign press correspondents, informing them about the realities in the country. Iuliu Maniu talks about the abuses of the Groza gouvernament, acusing him of serving foreign intersections at the expense of Romania. Iuliu Maniu mentions the lack of freedom of the pass and of the word. Remains the abuses of the Petru Groza government in organizing elections. The government prevented milions of citizen from exercising the right to vote. Election fraud is maintained, the Groza gouvernment obtained 16.6% of the votes, and the National Peasant Party alone obtained 70%, according to the real results. Iuliu Maniu was at this time the symbol of hope and desire for freedom.

articol complet / full article

29. Antonio FAUR

EVOLUȚIA NUMERICĂ A REGIONALEI ORADEA A PARTIDULUI COMUNIST ROMÂN (1945-1947)

THE NUMERICAL EVOLUTION OF THE ORADEA REGION OF THE ROMANIAN COMMUNIST PARTY (1945-1947)

In order to know the evolution of the Communist Party in the Oradea region (which included the counties of Bihor, Sălaj, Satu-Mare and Maramureș), in the years 1945-1947, I undertook a research in the document fund of this political structure, located in the Oradea Archives. Based on the document analysis, we found – during the mentioned time segment – a massive increase of the number of members. Thus, the number of members of the Oradea regional party, which in August 1945 was 10,606, at the end of February 1947 increased to 42,582, that is, four times in one year and seven months.
On this occasion, we focused on the numerical growth of the Oradea region and its two components, social and national, because we consider them essential for understanding the process of the installation of communism in northwestern Romania.

articol complet / full article

30. Veronica TURCUȘ

COORDONATELE EVOLUȚIEI ARTEI ÎN TRANSILVANIA PRIMELOR DECENII POSTBELICE ȘI IMPACTUL REALISMULUI SOCIALIST

THE COORDINATES OF THE EVOLUTION OF ART IN TRANSYLVANIA IN THE FIRST POST-WAR DECADES AND THE IMPACT OF SOCIALIST REALISM

The ideocratic regime established în 1948 în Romania imposed uniformity, ideological conditioning, centralism in the field of arts, affecting the specificity and local tradition of the various artistic centers in Transylvania. Institutionally, large societal umbrellas are now being created (Union of Unions of Artists, Writers and Journalists, then the Union of Plastic Artists), the year 1948 brings the nationalization of the means of artistic creation and distribution, the phenomenon of nationalization of exhibition spaces being significant. The functioning mechanism of the art market is completely changed, private initiative, patronage and the role of the collector being replaced by state command and control, and exhibition events receive an imposed theme. Socialist realism becomes, also through coercion, a unique „method” in artistic creation. In the case of the easel painting, the de historia painting was now proposed, at the same time the prevalence of the composition was recorded. Some of the model compositions, by theme and pictorial language, for the new artistic expression belong to Transylvanian and Banat artists (Miklóssy Gábor, Gheorghe Șaru). Socialist realism also used the favorite formulas of the interwar period in painting, especially the portrait, from the propagandistic need to portray the communist leaders (see the work of Ștefan Szönyi), and after the Khrushchevist critique of the cult of personality, typical quasi-anonymous figures. Thematically, the Transylvanian artists approached the rural world more easily – plein air realism being extremely cultivated in Transylvanian interwar painting – and only towards the end of the decade, the proletarian theme prominently appears in painting, as well as in engraving. The historical legitimization of the single party represented another theme exploited on the occasion of the 1848 centenary or the semi-centenary of the 1907 Uprising, in Transylvania subsumed by the idea of Romanian-Hungarian brotherhood in struggle (see the portraits of Ecaterina Varga). In sculpture, the monumental, oversized version for public forum and architecture was the preferred expression of socialist realism, with propagandistic efficiency. Thematically, the same characters-heroes are present as in the painting (winners, revolutionaries, illegals in the past). In the context of the Soviet occupation, a true cult of the Soviet soldier was stimulated, and after 1958 the place of the memorials dedicated to the „liberating army” was taken by those dedicated to the Romanian soldier, promoted, in the context of the affirmation of communist nationalism, especially in connection with the liberation and recovery of Transylvania. Graphics developed in the first decade of communism stimulated by the propaganda of the regime (especially the poster or caricature, because they penetrated directly into the public space).

articol complet / full article

31. Mihaela GOMAN

DIN ACTIVITATEA ȘTIINȚIFICĂ A CERCULUI STUDENȚESC DE ISTORIE „NICOLAE BĂLCESCU” A FACULTĂȚII DE ISTORIE-FILOLOGIE A UNIVERSITĂȚII „VICTOR BABEȘ” DIN CLUJ ÎN ANUL UNIVERSITAR 1954-1955

FROM THE SCIENTIFIC ACTIVITY OF THE “NICOLAE BĂLCESCU” STUDENT HISTORY CIRCLE OF THE FACULTY OF HISTORY-PHILOLOGY OF THE “VICTOR BABEȘ” UNIVERSITY IN CLUJ IN THE ACADEMIC YEAR 1954-1955

In the present study, we proposed to present some aspects of the scientific activity of the “Nicolae Bălcescu” Student History Circle of the Faculty of History-Philology of the “Victor Babeș” University in Cluj, in the academic year 1954-1955. Our attention was focused on aspects related to its organization scheme, the number of members, the main sections, the theme of each separate section, the scientific work plans for the two semesters, connections with other scientific circles in the country. Along with students, teaching staff were co-opted, making it a true research school that established itself in Cluj’s university landscape, through the work and seriousness shown by its members over the years that followed.

articol complet / full article

32. Cristian CULICIU

ASPECTS OF THE ACTIVITY OF THE ORADEA MUNICIPAL COMMITTEE OF THE UNION OF COMMUNIST YOUTH: CELEBRATING ANNIVERSARIES AND FESTIVE MOMENTS (1973-1982)

The communist regime is a system that intends to control all aspects of life. To do such a thing, it needs to control the way people behave, what they do and what they think. In this manner, the communist regime in Romania extended its influence both in the way of life of adult workers, and of young people. Along the Communist Party, in Romania and in all communist countries, existed a youth organization, in this case called the Union of Communist Youth. Its mode of organizing and functioning were like the ones of the party and its purpose was to train young people according to the political-ideological characteristics of the regime. Members of the U.C.Y. had all sorts of activities, and one category referred to marking festive moments, anniversaries, the majority related to historical events, but all of them interpreted in the regime’s manner. In the following pages we will see how the youngsters from Oradea, members of the U.C.Y., were celebrating such moments in the 1970s and in the early 1980s.

articol complet / full article

33. Gabriel MOISA

SCRIEREA ȘI REISCRIEREA ISTORIEI ÎN ANII REGIMULUI NICOLAE CEAUȘESCU. STUDIU DE CAZ:
REINTERPRETAREA EVENIMENTELOR DE LA 23 AUGUST 1944 PRIN INTERMEDIUL CINEMATOGRAFIEI

THE WRITING AND REWRITING OF HISTORY DURING THE YEARS OF THE NICOLAE CEAUŞESCU REGIME. CASE STUDY: THE REINTERPRETATION OF THE EVENTS OF AUGUST 23, 1944, THROUGH CINEMATOGRAPHY

The reinterpretation of history according to the canons of the era was the order of the day. Among many other moments in the past of the Romanians, the time had come for the events of August 23, 1944 to pass through the thick sieve of the re-creation of history. They had to be granted with the demands of the new communist leader from Bucharest. The year 1974 was a special year with many connotations for Nicolae Ceaușescu. Among many others, he had been elected president of the Socialist Republic of Romania, and the cult of personality had taken a visible upward trajectory.
Being in the jubilee year linked to August 23, 1944, special attention was paid around 1974 to highlight the moment and the role of the communists in its execution. The cinematographic routes penciled by the general secretary of the Romanian Communist Party were very well defined and circumscribed to ideologically wellestablished themes.
The events that took place on August 23, 1944 were and are still known through the medium of cinematography. The ideological and propaganda filters are impressive and subtle at the same time, and those who know what happened from the cinema or television have, of course, a distorted image of the changes generated by that moment.

articol complet / full article

34. Giovanni CASADIO

IOAN PETRU CULIANU DAL METODO STORICOCOMPARATIVO AI GIOCHI MENTALI SULLO SFONDO
DELLA CORRISPONDENZA (1979-1990) CON UN COETANEO ITALIANO

IOAN PETRU CULIANU FROM THE HISTORICAL-COMPARATIVE METHOD TO THE MIND GAMES ON THE BACKGROUND OF THE CORRESPONDENCE (1979-1990) WITH AN ITALIAN PEER

An attempt to reconstruct aspects of the academic career and intellectual and emotional development of I. P. Culianu through the (unpublished) letters addressed to the present writer. Letters studied and interpreted on the background and in the intertwining with other more relevant correspondences: those with the two mentors M. Eliade and U. Bianchi (mostly unpublished letters), with the biographer of Eliade Mc. L. Ricketts, and with other minor correspondents. In the conclusion we try to assess Culianu’ contribution to the historical and scientifical study of religion in close connection with his human route.

articol complet / full article

35. Alexandru SIMON

REFORMĂ ISTORIOGRAFICĂ” ŞI POLITICĂ COEVĂ ÎN ANII 1990: DESPRE CĂSĂTORIILE RUDELOR REGELUI LUDOVIC I CEL MARE DE ANJOU

HISTORIOGRAPHIC REFORM AND COEVAL POLITICS IN THE 1990S: ON THE MARRIAGES OF THE RELATIVES OF KING LOUIS I THE GREAT OF ANJOU

The vast political network of King Louis I of Anjou has attracted scientific attention for almost two centuries. In the 1990s, following the Fall of Communism and the Breakup of Yugoslavia, the marriages contracted or attempted by Louis I for his relatives, to strengthen his regional position, rebecame relevant, based on new and on old sources. This led to serious, not only major debates, founded also on older scholarship. The present paper explores two of these marriages in their medieval and modern contexts. In this framework, attention must be drawn to the role played by one bishop of Oradea, Demetrius Futaki (1345-1372), in Louis I’ policies. The study of Futaki’s career could provide new insights into the “real Middle Ages” and diminish modern controversies.

articol complet / full article

36. Marcel REVENCO

COMERȚUL CU PRODUSE ALE SECTORULUI AGROALIMENTAR DINTRE REPUBLICA MOLDOVA ȘI
ROMÂNIA ÎN PERIOADA ANILOR 1991-2016

TRADE IN PRODUCTS OF THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR BETWEEN THE REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA AND ROMANIA IN THE PERIOD OF 1991-2016

The favorable geographical position and mild climate, unique humus soils and sufficient water resources have determined the character and specialization of the Moldovan economy which favors the cultivation of a wide range of early varieties of vegetables, which is a competitive advantage for the country. At the same time, the Moldovan population has accumulated a wealth of experience and knowledge in the cultivation of various high-value agricultural crops such as fruit, vegetables, tobacco, cereals and the production of finished products such as sugar, beverages and spirits, animal and vegetable fats. As one of the main trading partners, Romania plays a very important role in Moldova’s trade, in which agri-food products play one of the main roles in terms of volume and share in the total.

articol complet / full article


37. Radu ARDEVAN, Paul TĂTAR

NOI DESCOPERIRI MONETARE ANTICE LA POTAISSA

MORE ANCIENT COIN FINDS AT POTAISSA

The Roman legionary camp of Potaissa was thoroughly researched and published; but there are always new discoveries. This time 76 ancient coins, discovered between 2018 and 2022, are being studied. One can see their catalogue (Appendix I), their detailed structure (Appendix II), together with their classification according to chronological sequences (Appendix III) and to the findspots (Appendix IV).
Only two civic coins occur, while the percentage of silver plated coins is very high. All these pieces confirm the well-known evolution of monetary circulation from the camp of the legio V Macedonica in the 3rd century AD. Also, they seem to support the existence of a local mint producing ‘monnaie de nécessité’.

articol complet / full article


38. Corina TOMA

NOTĂ ASUPRA TEZAURULUI DE MONEDE MEDIEVALE GĂSIT LA LEȘ (COM. NOJORID, JUD. BIHOR)
– CERCETAREA ARHEOLOGICĂ ȘI DATE NUMISMATICE PRELIMINARE –

NOTE ON A HOARD OF MEDIEVAL COINS FOUND AT LEȘ (BIHOR COUNTY) – ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESEARCH AND PRELIMINARY NUMISMATIC DATA –

In July 2023, in a forest near the village of Leș (Nojorid, Bihor County) a hoard consisting of 5,041 silver coins deposited in a clay jug was found by metal detecting method. After archaeological research, which was carried out in September 2023, another 24 coins were recovered. The coins from the Leș hoard are thalers from the first half of the 16th century issued in the minds of the Holy Roman Empire (Swabia and Upper Saxony circles) and issues of the Kingdom of Hungary: grosz, denarii and obols struck during the reign of Matthias Corvinus (1458- 1490), Vladislav II (1490-1516), Louis II (1516-1526), John Zápolya (1526-1540) and Ferdinand I of Habsburg (1526-1564). The article presents the catalog of the 24 Hungarian denarii found because of the archaeological research as well as a few preliminary observations regarding the burial time of the coins and the scientific importance of the discovery.

articol complet / full article


39. Ștefan VASILIȚĂ

BANCNOTELE BĂNCII GENERALE ROMÂNE ȘTAMPILATE ÎN TRANSILVANIA (FEBRUARIE – MARTIE 1919)

BANKNOTES OF THE ROMANIAN GENERAL BANK STAMPED IN TRANSYLVANIA (FEBRUARY – MARCH 1919)

Following the end of the First World War, the circulation of the banknotes issued by the Banca Generală Română (BGR) during the occupation of Romania was reglemented by the Romanian authorities, who handstamped the notes in December 1918-March 1919. In Transylvania, the situation was more complex, as some banknotes of the Banca Generală Română were already in circulation in Sibiu, as they were handstamped in November 1918 and declared legal tender in that county at the exchange rate of 1 leu for 1 korona (”korona-lei” or ”lei-korona”), and others were brought in from Romania after December 1918 at the rate of 1 leu for 2 korona. To solve this situation, after the recall of the ”korona-lei” on December 31, 1918, the Romanian authorities from Transylvania authorised the local stamping of the banknotes of the Banca Generală Română în February 1919. These banknotes remained in circulation, along the ones stamped in Romania, until they were redrawn by the Romanian authorities, at the exchange rate of 1 BGR leu for 1 Romanian leu. Details about this particular handstamp, applied in February – March 1919, and unknown until today, are published in this article.

articol complet / full article


40. Radu Gabriel DUMITRESCU

MATRICE SIGILARE DIN COLECȚIA MUZEULUI OLTENIEI

SEALING MATRIX FROM THE OLTENIA MUSEUM COLLECTION

The study analyzes 14 sealing matrices that belonged to personalities, noble families, church personalities or villages in Oltenia.
The presented matrices can be found in two distinct collections of the Oltenia Museum: the “Sigilography” Collection and the “Medals, Badges and Seals” Collection.
Some come from the transfer in 1950 of the collection of the “Alexander and Aristia Aman” Foundation to the Oltenia Museum, some come from the old Fund of the Museum of Antiquities and Ethnography of Oltenia, the others being purchased or donated after 1960.

articol complet / full article


41. Radu MOTOCA

MUZEUL, METAFORĂ A CUNOAȘTERII

THE MUSEUM, THE METAPHOR OF KNOWLEDGE

Starting from the current definition of the museum, the article highlights that, although the contemporary museum does not represent a linear continuation of the Museon in Alexandria, it retains, through its vocation, several common elements. In antiquity, the museum was a place dedicated to the Muses, and some philosophical schools had such a museum. The Museon in Alexandria was located next to the famous Library. During the Renaissance, the concept of the museum reappeared in close relation to study and knowledge. The collection, preservation, and transmission of past treasures are part of the broad framework of study and knowledge. The museum experience is fundamental to shaping one’s own identity, which inevitably integrates into a collective identity. We cannot know where we are going if we do not know where we come from.

articol complet / full article


42. Aurelian POPESCU

MANIFESTĂRI EXPOZIȚIONALE ÎN AER LIBER: SALONUL NAȚIONAL DE MINERALE, FOSILE ȘI GEME. MUZEUL OLTENIEI CRAIOVA

OUTDOOR EXHIBITION EVENTS NATIONAL SALON OF MINERALS, FOSSILS AND GEMS MUSEUM OF OLTENIA CRAIOVA

Outdoor exhibitions attract many visitors, especially if they are organized in places with intense pedestrian traffic. The direct contact with the pieces on display and the much more relaxed atmosphere than in the museum rooms, are other advantages that such events have over exhibitions in closed spaces. These arguments, in addition to those that each exhibitor can potentially be a guide, and the exhibited pieces can be bought, led us to organize, starting in 2008, the National Mineral, Fossil and Gem Show. As organizers, we consider the Salon an exhibition for sale, where the participants, the most important collectors and traders of minerals, fossils and gems in Romania, exhibit the pieces they have for sale and for the admiration of the public. Since the first edition, the event has enjoyed success, both visitors and the media, having particularly positive feedback. Organized in the very center of Craiova, in public squares located at the intersection of commercial arteries, the Salon was an obligatory point of passage, then a mandatory point of passage, after it entered the consciousness of the public. Both the good organization and the selection of the participants as well as the support of the Dolj County Council
contributed to this.

articol complet / full article


43. Ronald HOCHHAUSER

BUNURI CULTURALE DIN CATEGORIA JURIDICĂ FOND ÎN COLECȚIA TEHNICĂ A MUZEULUI ȚĂRII CRIȘURILOR ORADEA – COMPLEX MUZEAL

FUND ARTIFACTS FROM THE TECHNICAL COLLECTION OF THE ȚĂRII CRIȘURILOR MUSEUM ORADEA – MUSEUM COMPLEX

This endeavor is limited to highlighting seven cultural assets made between 1897-1951, classified in the legal category Fund of the National Cultural Heritage: five devices for recording and playing sound and two mechanical typewriters. They have been used in both exhibition projects and scientific research through specialized publications and on social networks.

articol complet / full article


44. Florina CIURE

OPERE ALE AUTORILOR LATINI ÎN COLECȚIA DE CARTE VECHE A MUZEULUI ȚĂRII CRIŞURILOR
ORADEA – COMPLEX MUZEAL

WORKS BY LATIN AUTHORS IN THE OLD BOOK COLLECTION OF THE ȚĂRII CRIȘURILOR MUSEUM ORADEA – MUSEUM COMPLEX

Among the books hold at the Țării Crișurilor Museum in Oradea are some works by classical Latin authors, seven printed in the 16th century, six titles gathered in four volumes in the 17th century, 19 in the covers of 17 books in 18th century, and four in the 19th century. These books come, for the most part, from the fund of the Society of Archeology and History of Bihor county and Oradea city, but also from purchases and donations. Poetry books predominate, but there are also prose books, works on history, philosophy and even medicine. Publius Ovidius Naso is present with four volumes, Marcus Tullius Cicero with three, Marcus Annaeus Lucanus, Quintus Curtius Rufus, Publius Terentius Afer, Quintus Horatius Flaccus and Gaius Suetonius Tranquillus with two. There are two copies of Publius Terentius Afer, but also two editions of the same book by Quintus Curtius Rufus, De rebus Alexandri Magni historia superstes, printed at Leipzig, the first edition in 1696, the second in 1765. Most of them are works published in Latin, only one is in German, and another in Greek and Latin. The presence of these volumes in the Oradea institution is proof of the interest shown by the cultured people of the place for the great works of European civilization, their libraries constituting the core of the current museum collections.

articol complet / full article


45. Vasile TODINCA, Andreea Maria POP, Flavia Maria POP

DONAȚIA DOAMNEI DR. TEREZA MÓZES ÎN COLECȚIA DE CARTE A BIBLIOTECII MUZEULUI ȚĂRII CRIȘURILOR ORADEA – COMPLEX MUZEAL

THE DONATION OF DR. TEREZA MÓZES IN THE BOOK COLLECTION OF THE ȚĂRII CRIȘURILOR MUSEUM ORADEA – MUSEUM COMPLEX’S LIBRARY

The subject of this article is the book donation that Mrs. Tereza Mózes made to the Țării Crișurilor Oradea Museum, in 2004. Her library, of inestimable value, was entrusted to the museum institution, thus creating a distinct book collection, being called Tereza Mózes book collection. In this work, we also carried out a study of the weight of the books, offered to the institution, by fields of interest. An important part of his professional, scientific and research activity, has its results in the studies and articles, that can be found in this book collection.

articol complet / full article


46. Amalia Daniela NICOARĂ

PROIECT EDUCAŢIONAL – „POVESTIM ŞI COASEM, ŞEZĂTOARE DE VACANŢĂ”

EDUCATIONAL PROJECT “STORYTELLING AND SEWING – A HOLIDAY SEWING BEE”

Integrating the traditional values of our folk culture in pupils’ education would directly stimulate curiosity at an individual level, participation being supported by the affective motivational component, the theoretical aspects starting from the practical ones, the two forming a circularity: practice – theory – practice – theory. In this case, the knowledge assimilated would help pupils to make intra- and interdisciplinary connections, as well as to use the theoretical elements in practical activities, leading them to move from knowing to doing. Through the educational project “Storytelling and sewing – a holiday sewing bee” we wanted the young participants to discover elements of the traditional cultural life, namely sewing bee, sewing and storytelling. For this workshoptype educational project we set four goals: to familiarise the children with a custom that exists in the village world – the sewing bee; to teach them the art of sewing, albeit at the level of the first steps; to get them to know the different stitches present on traditional shirts; to give them access to some knowledge of history and folklore.

articol complet / full article


47. Monica CÎRSTEA

VREAU SĂ POVESTESC” – UN CONCURS DE SCURTE POVESTIRI

“LET ME TELL YOU A STORY” – A SHORT STORY CONTEST

The National Short Stories Contest with the historical theme “Let me tell you a story” was released to primary, secondary and high school students by the Prahova County Museum of History and Archeology during 2021 and it have been held until now already three editions. The aim of this contest is to write some short stories inspired by personalities and historical moments that have marked the history of Romania.
With this contest, we wanted to stimulate children’s interest in history by individual research like small historians and to create interesting stories with various topics from national history. These talented children have made their mark in written stories, bringing to life the personalities and events of our history in a personal way.
The contest represents an opportunity for the young generation to show their literary talent, passion for writing, creativity, imagination and, finally, their closeness to the history of Romania, offering a personal view of the historical events that have marked the Romanian people over the years.

articol complet / full article


48. Gina-Lavinia UNGUREANU

MICII GHIZI MUZEOGRAFI… DESCOPERIND TRECUTUL ÎMPREUNĂ

LITTLE MUSEUM GUIDES – DISCOVERING THE PAST TOGETHER

The present study is dedicated to the analysis of the activity experience within the project „Little museum guides -discovering the past together”, realized for two weeks with the pupils of the gymnasium cycle, aged between 8 and 14 years at the „Aurel Lazăr” Memorial Museum in Oradea.
Like any project related to the extracurricular education process, our project has good parts and less good parts. A disadvantage of this program would be that it can only be carried out during the summer holidays of children. Analyzing the work carried out, the appreciations of the participants in the project, both verbally and in writing in the business card of the „Aurel Lazăr” Museum, we consider that the project was a successful one, because it has achieved its intended purpose and objectives. The children showed interest in attending a new course in a new location. The success is also reinforced by the feedback received from parents, who were delighted by the evolution of the children during the two weeks. The experience gained can be useful for the continuation of the program at the other memorial museums in Oradea, at the headquarters of the Țării Crișurilor Museum and at the Museum of Oradea City (Fortress).

articol complet / full article


49. Dalida MOGA

ACTIVITĂȚI DE EDUCAȚIE MUZEALĂ DERULATE LA MUZEULUI ȚĂRII CRIȘURILOR ORADEA – COMPLEX
MUZEAL ÎN PERIOADA IANUARIE – AUGUST 2023

MUSEUM EDUCATION ACTIVITIES HELD AT THE ȚĂRII CRIȘURILOR MUSEUM ORADEA – MUSEUM COMPLEX IN JANUARY – AUGUST 2023

Within the Țării Crișurilor Museum, a special emphasis is accorded to its ivolvement in educating young generations and not only, through organizing various activities for developing imagination, curiosity, orienting attention towards a proposed theme, ensuring a professional guidance, depending on the age category, related to the presented topic and the provision of adequate spaces for carrying out activities or even a lesson in an environment other than the classic one (the classroom). Within the organized activities, three components were taken into account: the learning component, carried out by presenting the object from the museum’s heritage and other information related to it, the practical component related to the proposed theme and the result of which was taken home and the component of consolidating new knowledge through visiting a section of the museum, where the objects presented during the activity can be found. Activities were also carried out in collaboration with other cultural institutions, such as the “Gheorghe Șincai” County Library, Bihor. The activities referred to below are: Curiosities about butterflies, The history of the clock, The history of photography, From the garden of the planet, Ion Creangă, Memories from childhood – Cherries, Curiosities from the insect world – The stick insect, Walking with the varan lizard. The activities presented had a particular impact, which led to a close connection between the schools in the city of Oradea and from Bihor County and the museum.

articol complet / full article


50. Gabriela LOBONȚ

ACTIVITĂȚI DE PEDAGOGIE MUZEALĂ ÎN VIVARIUL MUZEULUI ȚĂRII CRIȘURILOR ORADEA – COMPLEX MUZEAL

MUSEUM PEDAGOGY ACTIVITIES IN THE VIVARIUM OF THE ȚĂRII CRIȘURILOR MUSEUM ORADEA – MUSEUM COMPLEX

Designed on the model of international museums that have a natural science section, such as the Țării Crișurilor Museum, the Vivarium is part of the permanent exhibition of the Natural Science Section. It represents a complex exhibition of live animals and has different functions: attraction and recreation, conservation, education and research. In the framework of the “Summer Workshops” program started by the Țării Crișurilor Museum – Museum Complex of Oradea, for the capitalization of the vivarium we have designed and supported a workshop entitled “Fish Aquarium”. It was addressed to children from primary school, age group being 6-10 years. The activity of this workshop involves making their own fish aquarium using the collage technique. Thus, the students learned the steps to follow to maintain a real aquarium and the types of fish that can live together.

articol complet / full article


51. Agata Iuliana ADEL

VESTIMENTAȚIE, MODĂ ȘI VIAȚĂ SOCIALĂ DIN PERIOADA LA BELLE ÉPOQUE (SFÂRȘIT DE SECOL XIX – ÎNCEPUT DE SECOL XX) ÎN LUCRĂRI DIN COLECȚIA DE PICTURĂ UNIVERSALĂ A MUZEULUI ȚĂRII CRIȘURILOR ORADEA – COMPLEX MUZEAL

CLOTHING, FASHION AND SOCIAL LIFE DURING LA BELLE ÉPOQUE ERA (END OF THE 19TH CENTURY – BEGINNING OF THE 20TH CENTURY) IN WORKS FROM THE UNIVERSAL PAINTING COLLECTION OF THE ȚĂRII CRIȘURILOR MUSEUM ORADEA – MUSEUM COMPLEX

The present research considers the stylistic, thematic, iconographic and symbolic analysis of the works made during La Belle Époque era from the Universal Painting Collection of the Țării Crișurilor Oradea-Museum Complex. The author analyzes their relevance for attesting different phases and typologies in the evolution of the fashion in different countries of Europe. The paintings signed Diaque Ricardo (1853-1925), Charles François-Prosper Guérin (1875-1939), Berkes Antal (1874-1938), Vaszáry János (1867-1939), Rippl-Rónai József (1861-1927), Viski János (1891-1987), Udvardy Ignácz Ödön (1877-1961), reflect the innovations of the urban clothing, in an era of democratization and reconsideration of the women’ s role in the society. The works of the Hungarian painters Berkes Antal (1874-1938), Herman Lipot (1887-1972), Rabocsy and the genre scenes also attest the specifique entertainments of this era, as the horse racing, the family dining and the sunbathing. The paintings signed by Bihari Sándor (1855-1906), Hungarian painter, born in Băița, Bihor County, Romania and of Zsigmond Béla (?-1945), Hungarian painter from Oradea, attest the popular clothing, respectively the traditional fairs of the La Belle Époque era. Koszta Jözsef (1861-1949), Hungarian painter from Brașov, Romania, attests the daily life of the paysants. The work Winter Perfumes, realised in 1899 by the Romanian painter and graphic artist Michel Simonidy (Mihail Simonidi, 1870-1933) illustrates the ideal female archetype of the 1900 Art. The author also highlights the thematic, iconographic and clothing analogies of this paintings with works with similar themes from the same era.

articol complet / full article


52. Laura POP

BATISTA BRODATĂ (NĂFRĂMUȚA) ÎN OBICEIURILE POPULARE MUREȘENE

THE EMBROIDERED HANDKERCHIEF (“NĂFRĂMUȚA”) IN THE MUREȘ COUNTY FOLK CUSTOMS

This paper describes the use and the significance of the embroidery handkerchief in the Romanian, Hungarian and Saxon folk customs, in the area of the Mureș County. Until the second half of the 20th century, we find the embroidered handkerchief as an accessory of the folk costume of girls at church, holidays, dances or weddings. It was usually decorated with embroidered flowers in the 4 corners and crocheted lace on the edges. Sometimes, among the Hungarians and Saxons, handkerchiefs are also embroidered with the girl’s initials. The embroidered handkerchief is not just a simple decorative accessory but an object with deep meanings in folk tradition that is why it appears in various customs. In the folk customs, the embroidered handkerchief replaces the towel, which was traditionally used in various customs: baptism, wedding, funeral, in Eastern or Whitsuntide traditional customs. The main meaning of the embroidered handkerchief was as a symbol of love between boys and girls, but also as a symbol of passing through the customs of the life cycle.

articol complet / full article


53. Ioan GOMAN, Ioana GHERGHEL

MEȘTEȘUGARI DIN TRECUT. NUME DE OLARI DIN VADU CRIȘULUI ÎNTR-UN DOCUMENT DIN ANUL 1923

CRAFTSMEN OF THE PAST. NAMES OF POTTERS FROM VADU CRIȘULUI IN A DOCUMENT FROM 1923

The present paper is based on a unique archival document from 1923, in which those engaged in activities related to the household industry in our area are mentioned. According to the Austro-Hungarian legislation of that period, which was still used in Transylvania after the Unification of December 1, 1918, in accordance with Law XVII of 1884 and the relevant case law, domestic industry was considered to be any industrial work performed by a person in his own home, by manual labor, at most with the help of family members and performed as a complementary activity, in addition to another basic occupation, to supplement his income. As for our document, in which 56 potters’ names appear in this year’s register, we find that 3 had the name of Cseri, 3 that of Domocos, 1 that of Dudas, 12 of Géczi, 9 of Halász, 6 of Hasas, 2 of Juhász, 1 of Kabái, 3 of Kosa, 3 of Kovaci or Kovács as it sometimes appears in documents, 1 of Margilai, 1 of Mezei, 2 of Pirosca, 3 of Sereș, 3 of Szilágyi and 3 of Técsi. It is obvious that with such a large coincidence of surnames, it is certain that a good number of them had some more or less distant family relationship. Such a craft, often passed down from generation to generation, also required a certain practical skill, which was most often acquired within the family by example.

articol complet / full article


54. Sabina HORVATH

ASPECTE PRIVIND SPRIJINIREA ȚĂRĂNIMII DIN BIHOR ÎN TIMPUL CRIZEI ECONOMICE DIN 1929-1933

ASPECTS OF SUPPORTING THE PEASANTRY IN BIHOR DURING THE ECONOMIC CRISIS OF 1929-1933

The economic crisis of 1929-1933 manifested at all levels of interwar society, triggered internationally by the protectionist policies of Western states aiming to revitalize their own economies. The consequence of these economic protectionism policies, through the imposition of customs tariffs on imports and exports, eventually led to economic isolation, having a major impact on small nations producing raw materials. Among these were the new states of Eastern Europe, including Romania as an exporter of grain and petroleum products. The inability to access traditional Western external markets led to a surplus of grain production and a lack of financial liquidity, causing bankruptcies at both the macro level and among small producers, namely the peasantry. Consequently, the peasantry became a vulnerable population on the brink of a food crisis, and state authorities had to intervene with specific aid measures. In Bihor County, administrative regions needing state intervention to regulate grain prices for human consumption were identified. As a result, tables were drawn up at the regional and communal levels listing those considered hungry, with the intention of intervening to help those in difficulty. Thus, grain (wheat and corn) was distributed at a stabilized price, unaffected by the market, with phased payment and the help of local authorities, and with the possibility of staggered recovery from the beneficiary population.

articol complet / full article


55. Ioan GOMAN

ASOCIAȚIA MICILOR MESERIAȘI DIN ALEȘD ÎN ANUL 1942

THE SMALL CRAFTSMEN ASSOCIATION FROM ALEȘD IN 1942

This paper capitalizes a series of archive documents related to the activity of the Small Craftsmen Association from Aleșd in 1942, to offer new information on a period and a subject less researched by scholars, regarding the names, occupations and religion of those enrolled in this craftsmen association or gathering. In total, we are referring to 374 craftsmen from 39 localities, active in no less than 35 professional domains, of which 84 were millers (one of them also having an oil press, and another also producing electricity). Then we can find 65 shoe makers, 51 blacksmiths (two of them also being wheelers), 21 carpenters, 21 masons (one of them also being a carpenter), 19 tailors, 16 butchers, 13 wheelers, 9 coat makers, 9 barbers, 7 machinists, 6 bakers, 6 carpenters, 4 watchmakers, 4 hoopers, 4 painters, 3 innkeepers, 3 carbonated water makers, 4 tanners (all from Borod), 2 traders, 2 photographers, 2 chimney sweepers, 2 potters, 2 oil press owners, 2 gingerbread makers, 1 builder, 1 dentist, 1 stove maker, 1 hat maker, 1 brush maker, 1 sieve maker, 1 upholsterer, 1 printer, 1 weaver. According to their religion, 6 of them were Baptists, 3 Protestants, 47 Greek-Catholics, 41 Jews, 68 Orthodox, 138 Reformed and 71 Roman-Catholics.

articol complet / full article


56. Rozalia COLCIAR

CREDINȚE POPULARE REFLECTATE ÎN ATLASELE LINGVISTICE ROMÂNEȘTI (PE BAZA ALR II ȘI ALRT II)

POPULAR BELIEFS REFLECTED IN METALINGUISTIC COMMENTARIES (BASED ON ALR II AND ALRT II)

Romanian linguistic atlases note also metalinguistic commentaries, implicite reactions of the subjects, wich express their linguistic consciousness. These language phenomena accompagny the answers to the programmed questions and are noted in the map legends. They are indications with the role of glossing, of aditional explanation of the requested term. Our study, based on the ALR II and ALRT II, presents the commentaries that reflect popular beliefs regarding aspects such as: the integrity of the individual and the important moments of his existence, the fertility of nature and of the human being and the annihilation of evil forces through ritual practices to restore the cosmic balance. These beliefs belong to a traditional system based on magical-mythical thinking specific to the Romanian archaic imaginary. They also prove the fact that the dialectal register expresses not only the linguistic but also the socio-cultural identity, that discursive practices are influenced or even conditioned by the specifics of civilization and the material and spiritual culture of the community.

articol complet / full article


57. Gabriel HĂLMĂGEAN

MORILE DE APĂ – INVESTIGAȚIE DE TEREN ÎN VEDEREA SALVĂRII ȘI CONSERVĂRII A 2 INSTALAȚII DE MĂCINAT CEREALE DIN JUDEȚUL ARAD

WATER MILLS – FIELD INVESTIGATION IN ORDER TO SAVE AND PRESERVE 2 GRAIN GRINDING INSTALLATIONS IN ARAD COUNTY

The present study is the result of the field research carried out for the acquisition of a traditional water mill from Arad county in order to acquire it for museum purposes. The mills that were the object of the research are in the villages of Sârbi and Lupești. They fit historically and ethnographically into the typology of mills with superior adduction that ground grains to obtain flour. From a conservation point of view, these mills retain the internal grinding facilities, the outer wheel disappearing in both cases. They are in a damaged state, having not been used for decades.

articol complet / full article


58. Laura Cristina POP

SOCIETATEA ETNOGRAFICĂ ROMÂNĂ – COMPONENTĂ A MIȘCĂRII ETNOGRAFICE DE LA CLUJ

THE ROMANIAN SOCIETY OF ETHNOGRAPHY, THE CLUJ ETHNOGRAPHIC MOVEMENT

The Romanian Ethnographic Society appeared as a society intended to support the efforts of the Transylvanian Ethnographic Museum at the time of its establishment. Made with the support of personalities from the world of ethnography, society was supposed to help by strengthening the financial support but also by supporting the scientific approach. Thanks to its activity, which was realized through monthly meetings and public conferences between 1923 and 1927, activity resumed between 1939 and 1946 under the name of the Circle of Ethnographic Studies, this group became a current through the scale it took at the level of the entire country. They wanted to create a whole network that would include other centers such as Craiova, Cernăuți, Timişoara. Through the involvement of famous personalities from fields such as ethnography and folklore, human geography, prehistory and anthropology, the activity of these groups generated the Ethnographic Current of Cluj, which still exists today in Cluj.

articol complet / full article


59. Dorina GOLBAN, Gabriela LOBONȚ

CONSERVAREA CURATIVĂ A PREPARATELOR UMEDE DIN COLECȚIA MUZEULUI ȚĂRII CRIȘURILOR
ORADEA – COMPLEX MUZEAL

THE CURATIVE PRESERVATION OF WET PREPARATIONS FROM THE COLLECTION OF THE ȚĂRII CRIȘURILOR MUSEUM ORADEA – MUSEUM COMPLEX

The Țării Crișurilor Museum’s wet collection has been packed and relocated to the museum’s new headquarter. This process lasted over 10 years, which caused some damage to the wet collection. We have analyzed in detail the degradations observed in the collection, evaluating its state of preservation. We identified the type of preservation fluids (formalin or ethanol), the grade of evaporation, as well as the degradation of the jars or sealings. In the case of partial evaporation of the fluid, it was completed with the same type of fluid, formalin or ethanol. In some cases, when the jar was completely deteriorated, it was replaced. Today, we use 70% solution of ethanol for preservation fluids, the use of formalin being forbidden due to its high toxicity. The museum’s wet collection is important, containing rare reptiles and amphibians, species that are protected by national legislation or throughout the European Union.

articol complet / full article


60. Dan Octavian PAUL, Luminița PAUL

SISTEMUL ROMÂNESC PENTRU CONSERVARE, RESTAURARE ȘI INVESTIGARE A PATRIMONIULUI
CULTURAL MATERIAL MOBIL – UN SCURT ISTORIC – I (1975 – 1979)

THE ROMANIAN SYSTEM FOR THE CONSERVATION, RESTORATION AND INVESTIGATION OF MOVABLE MATERIAL CULTURAL HERITAGE – A BRIEF HISTORY – I (1975 – 1979)

The present work is a first paper in Romanian museology about the conservation, restoration and investigation of the National Cultural Heritage, presenting a brief history of the „Romanian System for the Conservation, Restoration and Investigation of the Movable Material Cultural Heritage”. The current version has been divided into two periods, the first from the establishment of the system in 1975 to December 1989 and the second to follow from 1990 to the present. The system has references to legislative-normative, organizational-functional elements and an own education for training and professional accreditation, within the Ministry of Culture.

articol complet / full article


61. Gheorghina OLARIU, Olimpia MUREȘAN

COMPONENTE DECORATIVE DIN METAL AFERENTE SOBELOR DIN PALATUL EPISCOPAL GRECO-CATOLIC DIN ORADEA. STUDIU DE CAZ

DECORATIVE METAL COMPONENTS RELATED TO THE STOVES IN THE GREEK-CATHOLIC EPISCOPAL PALACE IN ORADEA. CASE STUDY

The paper regards the metallic decorative components of terracotta stoves from the Greek-Catholic Bishop Palace, Oradea, Romania. The metal was analyzed by XRF. The results were useful to decide how to realize the restoration/conservation of metallic decorative component to achieve the initial aspect of them. In the summer of 2020, a great fire caused complex degradation of the palace. The conservation status of the metallic doors (ornament of terracotta stove) after the fire and qualitative proposes how the metallic ornamental components must be treated are enumerated.

articol complet / full article


62. Emanoil PRIPON

SINCRETISM ȘI PARTICULARITATE ÎN RESTAURAREA PATRIMONIULUI NUMISMATIC MEDIEVAL ȘI PREMODERN

SYNCRETISM AND PARTICULARITY IN THE RESTORATION OF MEDIEVAL AND MODERN NUMISMATIC HERITAGE

As is known, the simple observation of an archaeological metal object can give us some information about the structure and chemical composition. Most of the time, it is the corrosion products that give us information about the metal in question. Some experience accumulated over time allows the restorer and archaeologist to determine relatively easily some major components of a heritage asset, simply by observing the color of the corrosion products.
The same is the case with silver. Coin silver contains between 50 and 90% noble metal. Of course there are also coins with a silver content below 50% (billon). Knowing the silver content of the alloy is very important for determining the optimal restorative treatment.
Without having any investigations, a real support can be provided by the catalogues for coins (Gumowski, Huszar, Herinek, etc., in the case of medieval and modern coins) which provides us information, including the percentage of silver contained in coins.
This article presents two case studies in which the diagnosis and restoration flow was established given the silver content of the coins as presented in established determinants for medieval and modern Polish, Hungarian, and Austrian coins.

articol complet / full article


63. Ștefan LIPOT, Teofil MUREȘAN

CÂTEVA ASPECTE CU PRIVIRE LA RESTAURAREA ȘI CONSERVAREA UNOR SĂBII AFLATE ÎN COLECȚIA MUZEULUI ȚĂRII CRIȘURILOR ORADEA – COMPLEX MUZEAL

SEVERAL ASPECTS REGARDING THE RESTORATION AND CONSERVATION OF A SERIES OF SWORDS FROM THE ȚĂRII CRIȘURILOR MUSEUM ORADEA – MUSEUM COMPLEX’S COLLECTION

The article presents a study about metal restoration; it was made a selection of swords from the Museusm’s collection, and it is described the restoration methodology of historical weapons from different periods of time and regions.

articol complet / full article


64. Teofil MUREȘAN

RESTAURAREA ȘI CONSERVAREA A TREI OBIECTE ARHEOLOGICE DIN CUPRU AFLATE ÎN COLECȚIA MUZEULUI ȚĂRII CRIȘURILOR ORADEA – COMPLEX MUZEAL

THE RESTORATION AND CONSERVATION OF THREE ARCHAEOLOGICAL OBJECTS MADE OF COPPER FROM THE ȚĂRII CRIȘURILOR MUSEUM ORADEA – MUSEUM COMPLEX’S COLLECTION

The article presents the methodology of archaeological metal objects restoration and conservation. As a case study three different copper objects were selected; it is presented the restoration process step-by-step.

articol complet / full article


65. PRECUB Attila

RESTAURAREA CUTIEI DE CEAS A UNEI PENDULE DE PERETE DIN SECOLUL AL XIX-LEA

THE RESTORATION OF A PENDULUM WALL CLOCK`S BOX FROM THE 19TH CENTURY

The following article presents the restoration of a wall clock with pendulum from the 19th century made from wood. There are detailed presentations of the conservation state before the intervention, the operations during the restoration and the process of taking blank photos after the restoration was finished.

articol complet / full article


66. Olimpia MUREȘAN, Roxana BUGOI

ANALIZE CHIMICE FOLOSIND METODELE IBA. ARTEFACTE DE STICLĂ DIN SECOLELE XIV-XVIII
DESCOPERITE IN CETATEA ORADEA. DATE PRELIMINARE (PROIECTUL GLASS@ORADEAFORTRESS)

CHEMICAL INVESTIGATIONS BY ION BEAM ANALYSIS (IBA). GLASS FINDS FROM ORADEA FORTRESS (14TH-18TH CENTURIES). PRELIMINARY DATA (GLASS@ORADEAFORTRESS PROJECT)

This paper reports the preliminary results of the chemical analyses on a selection of Medieval glass fragments discovered during the archaeological investigations performed at Oradea Fortress during 1991-2018. The glass fragments were analyzed using IBA methods at AGLAE particle accelerator from Centre de Recherche et de Restauration des Musées de France (C2RMF), Paris, France within the EU HORIZON Project IPERION CH – project proposal Glass@OradeaFortress.

articol complet / full article


67. SZILÁGYI Mária Ildikó

ARANJAREA COLECȚIEI DE PICTURĂ A SECȚIEI DE ARTĂ ÎN NOUL DEPOZIT DIN CADRUL MUZEULUI ȚĂRII CRIȘURILOR ORADEA – COMPLEX MUZEAL

THE ARRANGEMENT OF THE ART DEPARTAMENT’S PAINTING COLLECTION IN THE NEW STORAGE-ROOM OF THE ȚĂRII CRIȘURILOR MUSEUM FROM ORADEA – MUSEUM COMPLEX

The Țării Crișurilor Museum from Oradea has moved to its new location on Armatei Române Street in 2018. Before the relocation there was a long period of preparation and packing the collection for the transfer to the new location. At the beginning of 2020, the painting storge was set up and the mobile panel option was chosen. After the painting storge was set up and before unpacking, a project was drawn up on how to place the works on the shelves.

articol complet / full article


68. Florian HEREDEA

RESTAURAREA LUCRĂRII PORTRETULUI ROBERT CLIVE, ATRIBUITĂ PICTORIȚEI TERBUSCH ANNA DOROTHEA, INV.P.14

THE RESTORATION OF ROBERT CLIVE`S PORTRAIT, ATTRIBUTED TO THE PAINTER TERBUSCH ANNA DOROTHEA, INV. P.14

The following article presents the restoration of an oil on canvass artwork from the universal painting collection of the Țării Crișurilor Museum’s Art Section, inv. nr. P. 14, with the title Robert Clive’s Portrait, attributed to the painter Terbusch Anna Dorothea. The painting`s conservation state: deteriorated with problems on all structural levels. The restoration was made according to the oil painting restoration`s regulations.

articol complet / full article


69. CSORTÁN Tünde

RAPORT DE CERCETARE A ALTARELOR DIN TRANSILVANIA (SEC. XVII-XVIII). TEHNICI DE REALIZARE
ȘI INTERVENȚII DE RESTAURARE

RESEARCH REPORT OF THE ALTARS IN TRANSYLVANIA (17TH-18TH CENTURIES). REALIZATION TECHNIQUES AND RESTORATION INTERVENTIONS

I have been able to gain new knowledge over the years by exploring the topic of doctoral studies. In this article I have sought and enlisted the help of literature and professionals (conservators, art historians) in my own project. During the fieldwork, I visited several churches, during which I made a photographic documentation of the current state of the altars, and a brief description of the history of the church.
After reading the literature, I made a table in which I marked the altars for which I was sure of the date of origin, the names of the masters I had collected and all the information I had about the altars.
According to the art historians in the literature, it is difficult to group these altars by stylistic features, so I found it difficult to categorise them. Ferenc Mihály’s years of experience as a sculptor gave me a direction that, on some level, three types of altars from this period can be distinguished here in Transylvania.
Based on the information I gathered, I packed my bag and set off to visit the altars of the 17th and 18th centuries in Transylvania. During the field trip, I searched mainly in Odorheiu Secuiesc, then I visited the Cesky Basin, touching also the areas of the Handi Chair. I will report in detail on the specific history of the side altar of the church in Odorheiu Secuiesc, and in the second half of my thesis I would like to present the restoration documentation of the side altar of St. Francis of Odorheiu Secuiesc, which I managed to complete last spring 2023.
My aim in this thesis is to report on my research so far and to present a case study of an altar restoration
documentation.

articol complet / full article