Crisia 2023, LIII
LATE NEOLITHIC FINDINGS FROM ORADEA-SALCA
A MAGICAL ANTHROPOMORPHIC REPRESENTATION FROM THE BRONZE AGE SITE OF TOBOLIU?
3. Sorin FELEA
DEFINIREA DEPOZITELOR DE TIP ARPĂȘEL
DEFINITION OF ARPĂȘEL TYPE DEPOSITS
The Arpășel type deposits are part of the phenomenon of bronze deposits from the end of the Bronze Age in the Carpathian Basin. The Arpășel type is differentiated from the other groups by the predominant or total presence of the categories of ornaments at the expense of other categories of parts, such as weapons and tools.
4. Doru MARTA, FECHETE PORSZTNER Kitti, KATÓCZ Zoltán
CERCETĂRI ARHEOLOGICE PE SUPRAFAŢA SITULUI IV – SÂNTION – „CIMITIRUL VECHI” DIN CADRUL PROIECTULUI: „DRUM DE LEGĂTURĂ ÎNTRE GIRAŢIA SÂNTANDREI – AUTOSTRADA A3 BIHAREA”
ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESEARCH ON THE SURFACE OF SITE IV – SÂNTION – “THE OLD CEMETERY” OF THE PROJECT: “CONNECTION ROAD BETWEEN THE SÂNTANDREI ROUNDABOUT – A3 HIGHWAY BIHAREA”
Recent archaeological research led to the discovery of 290 grave holes, the majority of them with a single person buried, also existing cases of two, three, even one with four skeletons, belonging to the same family. The were also holes with empty graves, the deceased being moved after the closing of the cemetery in the new one of the locality. The inventory is poor: a round mirror, a little bottle, possibly for perfume, “moș-babă” and other types of buttons. The dating, at least for the “moș-babă” type of buttons, is large: the 17th century till the beginning of the 19th century. One of the deceased even kept his hat. Also, a singe coin was found, probably a kreutzer, unfortunately extremely corroded.
5. Sorin ȘIPOȘ, Traian OSTAHIE, Mircea MATEI
MEMBRII CAPITLULUI CATEDRAL DIN ORADEA ÎN SECOLUL AL XIII-LEA
MEMBERS OF THE CATHEDRAL CHAPTER FROM ORADEA IN THE 13TH CENTURY
To the extent that the phenomenon of the multiplication of parishes increases, and the privatization of churches continues, the bishop loses direct contact with parishes or parochial vicars. During the 12th-13th centuries, the parish regime also multiplied in the cities. Chapels or oratories become the centers of new parishes, and in turn get staff to serve them. The priest, presbyter, plebanus, church rector, represents the bishop. He administers sacraments, celebrates services, does catechesis, but he is also attracted by economic or contingent matters, intended to ensure his material support. This creates the possibility of altering the priestly functions and the entry of the priest into a lifestyle not entirely compatible with the demands of his vocation.
The role and task of the members of the chapter was to maintain the altars, educate the faithful, support the bishop in the governance of the diocese, implement the decisions issued by the bishop, care and supervise the ecclesiastical assets, replace the bishop in case of an impediment or vacancy of the episcopal seat.
6. Alexandru SIMON
ALTFEL DESPRE UNIREA DE LA FLORENŢA: UN «COMUNICAT DE PRESĂ» PONTIFICAL DIN ARHIVA SIENEZĂ
THE UNION OF FLORENCE: A DISCORDANT VIEW. A PAPAL “PRESS RELEASE” FROM THE ARCHIVES OF SIENA
Scholarly interest in the Union of Florence (1439) was resurrected after the fall of Communism (1989) and the collapse of the Soviet Union (1991), two officially non-Christian concepts. The academic revival coincided with the search for a new division line between – generally labeled – East and West. This frontier was named the “Huntington Line” (1993, 1996) after its creator: Samuel P. Huntington. At the End of History (1992), it was part of a larger frame, the Clash of Civilizations, soon successfully advocated after 9/11.
“Back in the East” (of Europe), the line in question ran – through modern and post (1989-) 1991 states – deep into the Balkans due to the outbreak of the so-called Yugoslav wars (1991-1999). The line separated Orthodox Christians from Catholic Christians and their “appendixes” (i.e. Greek rite Christians that had – eventually – acknowledged the authority of Rome and old and new Protestants, former Latin rite Christians that had rejected the Papacy). The division manifestly nourished by the successes and failures of the Union of Florence and its rather independent early modern variants (starting with that of Brest) that had shaped the states of the 1990s, in particular Romania and Ukraine.
The presentation attempts to identify points/ lines of continuity and of divergence between the (late) medieval Union of Florence and the recent divisions/ unities. The paper is based – case-study wise – on the documents recently discovered in the State Archives of Siena. On one hand, Siena was an Italian state-city modeled in the (Western) conflicts between Guelphs and Ghibellines (very narrowly put: between the supporters of the pope and those of the <German> emperor). On the other, Siena was the “hometown” of Enea Silvio Piccolomini/ Pope Pius II (1458-1464), a noted conciliarist turned vigilant papalist (via Heretic Bohemia), whose ideas contoured the Renaissance image of “Eastern Europe” and of the (Ottoman) Turks and their Christian (but also Muslim) borders.
Rome long had its own designs for Greek rite Christians in the eastern parts of the Apostolic Kingdom of Hungary. Opposed to the Council of Basel as well as to Emperor Sigismund of Luxemburg’s plans, Pope Eugenius IV had placed the Greek rite Christians in eastern Hungary under the authority of the metropolite of Moldavia, Gregory (1436). Gregory had accepted Papal authority prior to the Council of Ferrara-Florence (1437-1439). The Papal “press-release” at the end of the council (surprisingly preserved also in Siena) listed the Wallachians (around Moldavia) as Rome’s unionist Greek rite spearhead in East-Central Europe. There, none of the major kingdoms (Hungary and Poland) had supported the Florentine council and the subsequent union (this changed only when Wladislaw I/ III Jagiello, king of Poland, was elected as king of Hungary in 1440). Given these circumstances, the traditional approach of the Union of Florence must be revised.
7. Corina TOMA
UN TEZAUR MONETAR DIN VREMEA REGELUI MATIA CORVIN (1458-1490) DESCOPERIT LA SĂLDĂBAGIU DE MUNTE (JUD. BIHOR)
A COIN HOARD FROM THE TIME OF KING MATTHIAS CORVINUS FOUND AT SĂLDĂBAGIU DE MUNTE (BIHOR COUNTY)
The aim of this study is to present the medieval coin hoard found in 2023 at Săldabagiu de Munte, Bihor County. The hoard consists of 37 gold and silver coins: 5 florins (Goldgulden) and 31 denarii issued during the reign of King Matthias Corvinus and one soldo struck by the Patriarch of Aquilea Lodovico II of Teck. The coins were recovered in 2-steps: the first batch of 22 coins was found with a metal detector, and the second batch of 15 coins was discovered in July 2023 through archaeological research. Following the analysis of the pieces, which are common for the monetary circulation in Transylvania between the years 1467-1540, we are able to notice that the hoard belongs to the last decades of the 15th century, which have not been documented by certain monetary finds until now.
8. Alina-Maria CRĂCIUN
TRATATELE LUI SIGISMUND BÁTHORY CU ȚARA ROMÂNEASCĂ ȘI MOLDOVA (1595): O COMPARAȚIE
SIGISMUND BÁTHORY’S TREATIES WITH WALLACHIA AND MOLDAVIA (1595): A COMPARISON
In the year 1595 Sigismund Báthory, the Prince of Transylvania, signed two treaties with the Romanian Principalities, one on 20th of May with Wallachia and another on the 3rd of Jude with Moldova. These two treaties are the subject of the scientific endeavor at hand. It is worth noting that the Romanian historiography had devoted numerous studies for the treaty of May 20 1595, while for the one on June 3 1595, the mentions focus strictly on the similarity between it and the one concluded on May 20, without exemplifying any further details. We ask ourselves what were the main research directions of historians up to this point in regard with the two treaties? Starting from this question, we are curious to see if the hypotheses that have been put forward so far can be validated by appealing to primary sources or, on the contrary, if they are rejected. Moreover, a comparative analysis between the two has not been done. In this way, this paper aims to undertake a comparative analysis of the two treaties. Last but not least, we want to find out if the old suzeranity relations with the Kingdom of Hungary could have created a model for the authors of the treaties that were concluded with the Romanian Principalities? Following the comparative analysis we will reevaluate some of the hypotheses expressed by the Romanian historians in order to ascertain whether they match what is related in the two documents.
9. Dumitru NOANE
MOMENTUL MIHAI VITEAZUL ÎN ISTORIA CETĂȚII ORADEA
MICHAEL THE BRAVE’S MOMENT IN THE HISTORY OF ORADEA FORTRESS
This year marks the 430th anniversary of the accession to the throne of Wallachia of the prince Michael the Brave, lord of the first Romanian Union and 425 years since he came to the aid of the city of Oradea besieged in 1598 by the Ottoman armies, sending Aga Leca at the head of 1500 horsemen. Two years later, on his way to the court of Emperor Rudolf II to ask for help, he stopped in front of the fortress on the site of the Orthodox cathedral on the night of 11/12 December.
The statue of the great prince Michael the Brave, located in the central square of our city, was taken down from its pedestal – motivated by the re-installation of the statue of King Ferdinand I, the founder of Great Romania in 1918 –, a fact appreciated by some of our fellow citizens who claim that even so it would have had nothing to do with the history of Oradea. To clarify this subject, we consider it necessary to analyze a little more deeply the moments that bring to light the fact that, more indirectly but even directly, the great prince was also connected with the city on the banks of the Crișul Repede River during his reign. There are three clear and easily documented moments that highlight this connection, which we will present below.
10. Gizella NEMETH, Adriano PAPO
L’ARMATA IMPERIALE DEL PRINCIPE EUGENIO DI SAVOIA NEL BANATO. INVERNO 1716-1717
THE IMPERIAL ARMY OF PRINCE EUGENE OF SAVOY IN THE BANAT. WINTER 1716-1717
The conclusion of the Spanish Succession War (1714) allowed Emperor Charles VI of Habsburg to turn his attention back to the events regarding the Hungarian southern borders, that the Ottomans had once again menaced after the period of peace sanctioned by the Treaty of Carlowitz of 1699, followeing the victory achieved at Zenta (Senta) by the Imperial Army of Prince Eugene of Savoy. Therefore, Prince Eugene prepared a detailed plan for the reconstitution, renewal and strengthening of the Imperial Army. On August 5, 1716, the Imperial Army defeated the Ottomans at Petrovaradin. Then, it conquered Timişoara (Temesvár), the last remaining Turkish fortress in the Kingdom of Hungary.
The prince Eugen entrusted the defense of the Banat territories, which had been taken from the Turks, to his trusted man and cavalry general Claude-Florimond d’Argenteau, Count of Mercy. Major-General Count Franz Paul von Wallis obtained command of the forces stationed in the garrison of Timișoara. General Wallis was also entrusted with the restoration of the fortifications of Timișoara.
According to the instructions of Prince Eugene, the primary task assigned to the Count of Mercy was to carry out the emperor’s drawings on Pancsova (Pančevo), on Új-Palánka (Banatska Palanka) and possibly also on Orșova (Orsova). Close and continuous collaboration with the commander in Transylvania, Count Stephan von Steinville was also required. Indeed, the Count of Mercy came into possession of both Pancsova and Új-Palánka, but had to give up the conquest of Orșova, which he would postpone until the following spring.
11. Nicolae TEȘCULĂ
UN SIGHIȘOREAN UITAT: OTTO DEMIAN (1869-1918)
A FORGOTTEN CITIZEN OF SIGHIȘOARA: OTTO DEMIAN (1869-1918)
Over the centuries Sighișoara has been an important commercial and craft center. The majority of the population was Saxon, but there was also a strong Romanian minority. One of the little-known personalities with origins in Sighișoara was Otto Demian. Born in 1869, he came from a Macedonian family. His father was a native of Melinkos (north of Thessaloniki) and was a merchant in Sighișoara. He had two brothers: Aurel, who became a doctor and worked in Arad, being the first prefect of Arad County after the Great Union, and Anastasie, who also worked in Arad and was an economist by profession. The latter’s son was the famous church painter Anastasie Demian, who was active during the interwar period. He also had two sisters, Irina and Maria both married in Miercurea Sibiului. The premature death of his parents led him to pursue a military career by attending the Sibiu Military School. He will serve in the Hungarian army corps-Honved within the Austro-Hungarian army. He rose in the military hierarchy and after 1907 he worked in the budget department of the Hungarian War Ministry-Honved in Budapest, leading it from 1910 to 1918. From April to August 1918, he was Undersecretary of State in the Hungarian government, in charge of supplying the civilian population with goods necessary for daily life. At the end of 1918 he probably fell ill with Spanish flu and died on 1 December 1918, being buried in Budapest. He was married and had a daughter.
12. Răzvan-Mihai NEAGU
PERSONALITĂȚI ALE MARII UNIRI: AVOCATUL MIHAI MOLDOVAN (1879-1943) DIN TURDA
PERSONALITIES OF THE GREAT UNION: LAWYER MIHAI MOLDOVAN (1879-1943) FROM TURDA
Turda, like many other cities of Transylvania, gave to national history an account of personalities who contributed to the emancipation of the Romanian nation and the realization of the Great Union. Some were clerics (Orthodox or Greek-Catholic), and others lay intellectuals, among whom lawyers stood out in particular. There were also doctors, engineers and teachers. Members of the Transylvanian Romanian elite, these personalities demonstrated real leadership qualities of the communities they came from. Through their deeds and actions, they put themselves in the service of the Romanian nation and its interests. Lawyer Mihai Moldovan was such a personality. He was the commander of the Romanian National Guard in Turda-Arieș County, capacity in which he participated in the Great National Assembly from Alba Iulia on December 1st, 1918, which decided the union of Transylvania with Romania. In the interwar period, he was a deputy in the first parliament of Greater Romania. Later, he was appointed prefect of Turda-Arieș County. On a professional level, Mihai Moldovan fulfilled the capacity of dean of the Turda Bar Association. Lawyer Mihai Moldovan was a faithful man and close to the church. He also distinguished himself through a rich economic activity in Turda.
13. Valentin TRIFESCU
DES EFFETS SECONDAIRES DE L’UNITÉ NATIONALE. RÉGIONALISME ET RÉCESSIVITÉ
SIDE EFFECTS OF NATIONAL UNITY. REGIONALISM AND RECESSIVITY
In the present text, the regional identity will be analysed from an interdisciplinary perspective, being capitalized concepts from philosophy, culturology, literary criticism and art history. In this way, for a better understanding of regional identity and regionalism, concepts such as “recessiveness” and the “secondary” will be reinterpreted and adapted. This analysis will take into account, at all times, the close links between regional and national identity, as well as between regionalism and nationalism. The theoretical dimension will be based on the example of Transylvania and Alsace.
14. Ioan CIORBA
O CAMPANIE DE COMBATERE A ALCOOLISMULUI ÎN MEDIUL ORTODOX BIHOREAN ÎN PRIMUL DECENIU AL SECOLULUI XX
A CAMPAIGN TO COMBAT ALCOHOLISM IN THE ORTHODOX ENVIRONMENT OF BIHOR IN THE FIRST DECADE OF THE 20TH CENTURY
Alcoholism was a significant problem of the Bihorean world at the beginning of the 20th century. Various professionals, including doctors, nutritionists, and religious leaders, stood up against this custom, repeatedly showing the harmful effects of alcohol consumption, which included: physical or mental health deterioration, the encouragement of violent behavior, and increased poverty, due to the financial burden of purchasing of Bacchus liquors. A major role in the fight against alcoholism was assumed by the Orthodox Church, represented in our case by forums such as the Orthodox Bishopric of Arad or the Vicariate and the Archdiocese of Oradea.
They encouraged priests and Religion teachers to hold conferences to educate their parishioners on the dangers of alcohol consumption, and then to report on the number of actions carried out and on the number of participants. The present study mainly focuses on the answers of the priests regarding this task, revealing a whole series of situations, from those where no lecture was given to those where this was done in excess of the requested number.
15. Augustin ȚĂRĂU
DESPRE CLIPELE DE LINIŞTE TRĂITE DE ROMÂNII ARDELENI PE FRONTURILE MONARHIEI AUSTRO-UNGARE, DESPRE LIRISMUL LOR EPISTOLAR ŞI DESPRE PROBLEMELE CONJUGALE ISCATE DE ŞEDEREA PE FRONT
ABOUT THE MOMENTS OF PEACE EXPERIENCED BY TRANSYLVANIAN ROMANIANS ON THE FRONTS OF THE AUSTRO-HUNGARIAN EMPIRE, ABOUT THEIR EPISTOLARY LYRICISM AND ABOUT THE MARITAL PROBLEMS CAUSED BY THEIR STAY ON THE FRONT
In the present study we tried to illustrate some of the few moments of peace experienced by the Transylvanian soldiers, enlisted in the Austro-Hungarian army, on the battle fronts where they were assigned. Thus, media reports and archival documents of the time mentioned how they celebrated Christmas or Easter together with enemy soldiers for a few hours. Then, another theme is dedicated to the lyricism contained in the letters sent by Transylvanian soldiers to their families at home, and another theme addresses the drama of families destroyed by the absence of men on the battle front, their wives seeking material and emotional support in the arms of other men.
16. Sanda Dumitrița BUBOI
CONTRIBUȚII DOCUMENTARE INEDITE LA CUNOAȘTEREA ORGANIZAȚIILOR P.N.L.
(1922 – 1938; 1944 – 1946) DIN FOSTA PLASĂ BELIU (JUDEȚUL BIHOR)
ORIGINAL DOCUMENTARY CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE KNOWLEDGE OF P.N.L. ORGANIZATIONS (1922 – 1938; 1944 – 1946) FROM THE FORMER BELIU PLASA (BIHOR COUNTY)
This article is based on a Security report issued in 1963 regarding the organization scheme of the former liberal organization of the Beliu Plasa from Bihor County between the years 1926 – 38 – 45 – 47. Starting from this report, I will present the situation of liberals in the villages assigned to Beliu Plasa and mentioned in the report. I want to mention that due to lack of space I will limit myself to presenting the numerical situation, as well as local leadership elements.
17. Antonio FAUR
UN RAPORT DIPLOMATIC FRANCEZ CU PRIVIRE LA SITUATIA TRANSILVANIEI DE NORD LA UN AN DE LA
DICTATUL DE LA VIENA (OCTOMBRIE 1941)
A DIPLOMATIC FRENCH REPORT ON THE SITUATION OF NORHTERN TRANSYLVANIA A YEAR AFTER THE VIENNA DIKTAT (OCTOBER 1941)
The document under analysis is a report by the French consul in Cluj, Claudon, in which he informed the authorities of the French State (or the Vichy regime) about the realities from Cluj and Transylvania, one year after the Vienna Diktat. His sources are his own observations, as well as reading the Hungarian media. His finding is worth noting, according to which, in Hungary, in the context of the invasion of the Soviet Union, the desire to change the demarcation line of the Vienna Diktat in Hungary’s favor reappeared. The most consistent part of the document in question, however, signals the reappearance in press of comments regarding the use of the historical and demographic argument in the Romanian-Hungarian controversy.
18. Veronica TURCUȘ
MINISTRUL ITALIAN LA BUCUREȘTI RENATO BOVA SCOPPA ȘI PERSECUȚIA EVREILOR
ÎN ROMÂNIA ANULUI 1942
THE ITALIAN MINISTER IN BUCHAREST RENATO BOVA SCOPPA AND THE PERSECUTION OF THE JEWS IN ROMANIA IN 1942
The study aims to provide Romanian historiography with new documentary landmarks regarding the persecution of Jews during the Antonescu regime. It is about the publication and analysis of three documents sent from Bucharest to Rome, in 1942, by the Italian minister in Bucharest, Renato Bova Scoppa. The diplomat’s accounts highlight how Romania, pressured by Nazi Germany, joined the anti-Semitic program by developing measures to persecute, arrest and deport Jews who were Romanian citizens, with tragic consequences for the vast majority of those deported. The Italian diplomat offers an interesting perspective from a representative of a power allied with Nazi Germany, arguing that the elimination of Jews from Romanian life automatically places the country within totalitarian regimes.
19. Diana IANCU
JEWISH WOMEN IN THE HOLOCAUST. SOME TESTIMONIES OF JEWISH WOMEN DEPORTED FROM ORADEA
In this paper we focus on some testimonies of females that survived to the Shoah. We can read about Magdolna Hercz, Téreza Mózes, Vera Hecht, Simon Magda and Magdalena Grunfeld Delman, deported from Oradea. Their story is about dehumanization, depersonalisation and survival strategies. We have the moral duty to learn about the crimes against the Jewish people, and we have also the responsibility to preserve the memory of the victims of the Holocaust.
20. Gabriel MOISA
UNION OF PATRIOTS. THE BIHOR COUNTY ORGANIZATION – FELLOW TRAVELER OF THE COMMUNISTS (1945-1947)
The political attitude taken by the Bihor County’s organization of the Patriots’ Union in the first years after the World War II was one that seemed to be xenophobic. However, no one could talk about such thing because the whole situation was caused not by any xenophobic attitude of the local political leaders, Romanians or Hungarians, of the Union of the Patriots – organization of Bihor County. This successful attempt to segregate ethnic formation had joined the effort almost general of the Hungarian minority in Transylvania ceded to Hungary after the Vienna Award, which aimed the preserving of this territory to Hungary. For this, it did not hesitate to separate from the Romanians constituting its own political structures to campaign in this regard. The Hungarian Popular Union was the most important of them, found in a close alliance relationship to the Romanian Communist Party. A Romanian Communist Party dominated in the respective period at the decisional level by ethnic Hungarian and Jewish elements in Transylvania, the latter of Hungarian culture. The very representative Central Committee of the Romanian Communist Party sent to Oradea to target the local organization of the Patriots’ Union, Tóth Imre, was a Hungarian Jew from Transylvania, as he himself acknowledges. The findings of his report are relevant in this regard. Even he, a messenger of the Central Committee of the Romanian Communist Party, suggests the separation on ethnic principles which shows the official line of at least a substantial part of the central management of the Romanian Communists.
21. Cristina Liana PUȘCAȘ
LAGĂRUL DIN CETATEA ORADEA, CENTRU DE „COLECTARE” A ETNICILOR GERMANI DUPĂ CEL DE-AL DOILEA RĂZBOI MONDIAL
THE ENCAMPMENT IN THE FORTRESS OF ORADEA, A “COLLECTION” CENTER FOR GERMAN ETHNICS AFTER WORLD WAR TWO
In the Oradea Fortress, right after the end of the Second World War, there was a concentration camp for German ethnics and also for the first “enemies of the people”, individuals who became inconvenient to the new pro Soviet regime. The setting up of the concentration camp in Oradea at the end of the Second World War, “was owed exclusively to the group that put their hands on the political power after the liberation of the city by the Romanian troops at October 12, 1944”, respectively, Hungarian nationals and representatives of the Soviet Red Army. It was mainly a transit center for the camps from Târgu-Jiu or Timişoara, but also a “dispatch point” to the USSR (the Union of the Soviet Socialist Republics) of German ethnics. Thus, the Police Department from Oradea sent a notification that on January 15, 1945, around 799 persons of German origin “have been handed over to the special Soviet authority who after a few days ordered their transfer to Russia”. The main building, hosting the concentration camp, seems to have been located in the northern part of the Fortress, today Building E of the facility.
22. Șerban TURCUȘ
VIZITA LA MOSCOVA A PATRIARHULUI NICODIM (1946) ÎN DOCUMENTE DIPLOMATICE ITALIENE
THE VISIT TO MOSCOW OF PATRIARCH NICODIM (1946) IN ITALIAN DIPLOMATIC DOCUMENTS
The present research is based on unpublished Italian diplomatic documents, sent from Bucharest by the chargé d’affaires Pietro Gerbore. They report on the preceding context and the conduct of the visit to Moscow made by the Patriarch of Romania, Nicodim Munteanu (October-November 1946). Two main ideas stand out from this diplomatic correspondence: the relationship of collaboration and friendship that the patriarch of the Romanian Orthodox Church had with the Catholic environment in Bucharest and the consideration towards the Sovereign Pontiff, on the one hand, and Moscow’s tendency to replace Constantinople as the center of Orthodoxy worldwide, on the other hand. From the perspective of the two ideas stated, Nicodim Munteanu’s visit to Moscow was supposed to put an end to the collaboration with the Catholic world and to drag the Romanian Orthodoxy to the Muscovite one. Nicodim Munteanu, according to diplomatic documents, was not convinced by Moscow to submit to Soviet interests.
23. Cristian CULICIU
ASPECTS ON THE URBANIZATION OF BIHOR COUNTY IN THE COMMUNIST PERIOD (I): ALEȘD AND BEIUȘ
Throughout all Eastern Europe and Romania, the communist period meant, besides political changes, also industrialization and urbanization. The cities from the beginning of the 1950s got new investments, many factories being built that attracted people from the rural area. Romania in that time was more of a rural country than an urban one and these changes in local economy meant a growth in migration. So, housing needed to be built. In this way, the need for urbanization increased. The policy of the regime was to create a “new, urban, man” that can work and live in a city and have everything he needs in a short walk. Many new cities appeared throughout the country while the existing ones got bigger and bigger. This was the case in Bihor County to. In this paper we will see how the cities of Aleșd and Beiuș developed from the 1950s to the 1980s, regarding economy, living, public space and services and what were the demographical modifications.
24. Alice-Elena SCHREINER
ACTIVITATEA DE CERCETARE A INSTITUTULUI ROMÂN DE CULTURĂ ȘI CERCETARE UMANISTICĂ DIN VENEȚIA LA ÎNCEPUTULUI ANILOR 2000
THE RESEARCH ACTIVITY OF THE ROMANIAN INSTITUTE OF CULTURE AND HUMANISTS RESEARCH IN VENICE AT THE BEGINNING OF THE 2000S
The Romanian Institute of Culture and Humanistic Research in Venice or the Romanian House as it was originally called, opened its doors on April 2, 1930 as a space for the promotion of Romanian culture and as a place for research activities for Romanian students and scholars. 70 years later, the Institute completes its activity with the launch of the publications Annuario della Casa Romena and Quaderni della Casa Romena and with the organization of romanian language and civilization courses. The two approaches fit perfectly into the cultural context in which the Romanian Institute of Culture and Humanistic Research in Venice carries out its activity.
25. Gianfranco GIRAUDO
RUSSIA ED UCRAINA NELLO SPECCHIO ITALIANO. RACCONTARE SENZA ORDINE CIÒ CHE LA RAGIONE RIFIUTA
RUSSIA AND UKRAINE IN THE ITALIAN MIRROR. TELLING WITHOUT ORDER WHAT REASON REFUSES
The article presents, through some quotes and photos from the newspapers, how Russia’s special military operation in Ukraine was reflected in the Italian media. Also reported are the debates on the war in Ukraine, previous events, recent events, and prospects. There are those who think that the war against the tyrant in 2022 and the Ukrainian national resistance could be a revolutionary opportunity: the West could get off the ideological arrogance gained from the second post-war period and think. But the European vainglory about forever unity, about the glorious yearning for democracy that will change a post-Putin world, can silence all the uncomfortable truths revealed by the conflict.
26. Denisa ARDELEAN, Elena BALACIU
PARTENERIATUL FAMILIE – ȘCOALĂ ÎN EDUCAȚIA NONFORMALĂ A ȘCOLARILOR MICI
FAMILY – SCHOOL PARTNERSHIP IN THE NONFORMAL EDUCATION OF YOUNG SCHOOL CHILDREN
Non-formal education offers learning opportunities in planned activities. The skills acquired in these activities can also be used in formal education, depending on the subjects studied. In non-formal education, a range of activities can be proposed to raise awareness of heritage values, museum collections, as direct and indirect learning experiences. In this study, we aim to analyse the perception of a group of 100 parents with young school-age children on the organisation of non-formal education activities by teachers.
MUZEOGRAFIE / MUSEOGRAPHY
1. Tiberiu Alexandru CIORBA
DIN ARHIVA VECHE A SOCIETĂȚII DE ARHEOLOGIE ȘI ISTORIE. ANALIZA TIPOLOGICĂ A DOSARULUI 427
FROM THE OLD ARCHIVE OF THE SOCIETY OF ARCHEOLOGY AND HISTORY. TYPOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF FILE NUMBER 427
The long and interesting past of the Society of Archeology is well known in local historiography with many examples of articles and other projects. However, there are still many paths that a researcher can take to improve the colective database by engaging with different types of sources and documents. This short study case seeks to provide an answer by presenting a very rich file still kept in our collections which has not been fully studied. Identified by the number 427, it consists of a large cache of letters, receipts, lists, charts and other types of primary sources that remain unpublished. By organizing them according to their provenance, purpose and typology we can build a very interesing image of the administrative and fiscal fluctuations of the time.
2. Doina-Gabriela ANANIE
BISERICILE FORTIFICATE DIN DÂRLOS ȘI CURCIU ÎN FOTOGRAFII DE SEC. XIX DIN COLECȚIA DE FOTOGRAFIE VECHE A MUZEULUI ȚĂRII CRIȘURILOR
FORTIFIED CHURCHES FROM DÂRLOD AND CURCIU IN 19th CENTURY PHOTOGRAPHS FROM ȚĂRII CRIȘURILOR MUSEUM OLD PHOTOGRAPHY COLLECTION
The existence of Transylvania’s fortified churches has been marked throughout the centuries by people and armed conflicts that involved them. The interest aroused by them, even if later compared to similar constructions from the Western Europe, was a beneficial one, opening new ways of knowledge, especially in the sphere of arts and construction techniques. Even if today, despite restoration efforts, some have lost defining architectural or structural elements, retraces can be made with the help of old photographs that have been preserved.
3. Cristian NEGRU, Doina Gabriela ANANIE
CĂRȚI CU AUTOGRAF PENTRU OVIDIU DRIMBA ÎN FONDUL BIBLIOTECII MUZEULUI ȚĂRII CRIȘURILOR
ORADEA – COMPLEX MUZEAL
AUTOGRAPHED BOOKS FOR OVIDIU DRIMBA IN THE ȚĂRII CRIȘURILOR MUSEUM’S LIBRARY
Private library collections, especially when they belonged to prominent representatives of culture, receive a special value when entering a book collection of a public or specialized library. Along with the bibliographic processing, particular elements are noted, such as the dedications with autographs from the authors, ex-libris and other notes, which increase the value of the books bearing them. In this article, we present a part of these documentary testimonies, discovered during the registration into the museum’s library of a donation consisting of books, magazines and extracts that belonged to Professor Ovidiu Drimba, Ph.D.
RECENZII / BOOK REVIEWS
1. Sorin Bulboacă, Elena Rodica Colta, Victor Sava (editori), Pecica. Monografie arheologică și istorică, vol. I, Editura Mega Cluj-Napoca 2022, 328 p. (Gruia FAZECAȘ) – text complet/full text
2. Ioan Bejinariu, Contribuții arheologice la cunoașterea epocii bronzului în depresiunea Șimleului [II.] Descoperirile de tip Cehăluț – Hajdúbagos din Bronzul târziu [Archaeological contributions to the knowledge of the Bronze Age in the western half of Sălaj County, Romania [II.] The Cehăluț – Hajdúbagos type finds], Editura Mega / Editura Porolissum, Cluj-Napoca / Zalău 2022, 154 p. + LXXXIX pl. (Gruia FAZECAȘ) – text complet/full text
3. Silviu Sana, Tiberiu Alexandru Ciorba, Traian Ostahie, Seminarul Tinerimii Române Unite din Oradea, Editura Mega, Cluj-Napoca, 2023 (Blaga MIHOC) – text complet/full text
4. Monica Nănescu, Ladislau Márton, Elisabeta Savu, Orologii muzicale și clopotele lor, Gheorgheni, F&F International, 2020, 119 p. (Ronald HOCHHAUSER) – text complet/full text
5. Lucia Manolică, Perspective ale reconversiei patrimoniului arhitectural industrial
din Oradea, Editura Universității din Oradea, Oradea, 2022, 246 p. (Ronald HOCHHAUSER) – text complet/full text
6. Constantin Liviu Demeter, Diosig, amfiteatrul lui Dionis în Crișana, prefață de Dorin Popa, Editura Creatio, Oradea, 2022, 43 p. + il. (Valentin TRIFESCU) – text complet/full text